Table 3
(continued)
Leaf species
Contaminant
Water used
for the
experiment
Light/dark
cycle
Leaf disc size
(diameter)
Length of the
feeding study
Drying temperature and
time (before and after
exposure)
Starvation Equation used
References
Organisms:
After: 60
C for 4 days
W
¼ organisms dry weight (mg)
C
L ¼ leaf weight change correction
factor
Alnus
glutinosa
Fungicides
SAM-5S
Darkness
1.6–2.0 cm
24 h
24 days
Leaves:
Before:
After: 60
C for 24 h
Organisms:
After: 60
C for 24 h
Calculated following the method of
Zubrod et al. (2015)
Newton
et al. (2018)
Alnus
glutinosa
Anti-cholinesterase compounds
2.0 cm
5 for each
tested concentration. Each
beaker
containing
20 organisms.
Leaves:
Before: photo scanned and
every 24 h
FRt
¼
Σ 5
i¼1 Σ D
t¼1
Si,
t ÀS
i,
tÀ1
li,
t þl
i,
tÀ1
2
!
=5
D
FR
t ¼ Feeding rate
i
¼ (i
¼ 1
À 5) is the ith replicate
D
¼ is the Dth day during the
experiment period
S
¼ total surface of leaf discs in
each beaker (mm
2
)
l
¼ number of living gammarids
Xuereb
et al. (2009)
Alnus
glutinosa
Fungicides
tebuconazole
River water
Prepared following the
method of
Bundschuh
et al. (2011b)
2 leaf discs at
the time
7 days
Leaves:
Before:
After: 60
C
Organisms:
After: 60
C
C
¼
Lb
ÂkÀLe
gÂt
C
¼ feeding rate
L
b ¼ initial dry mass of the leaf
discs (mg)
L
e ¼
final dry mass of the leaf
discs (mg)
g
¼ dry weight of Gammarus
fossarum (mg)
t
¼ feeding time (days)
k
¼ leaf change correction factor
k
¼
Σ Lob
ÀLoe
ð
Þ
=Lob
ð
Þ
n
L
ob ¼ initial dry mass of the leaf
discs (mg)
L
oe ¼
final dry mass of the leaf
discs (mg)
n
¼ number of replicates
Zubrod
et al. (2010)
30
G. Consolandi et al.