3. the reductive dissolution and chemical reactions of CNPs core with phosphate,
sulfate/S
2- , and ferrous ions.
Physicochemical properties of CNPs play key roles in their environmental transformations and consequently their interactions with organisms, reactivity, and toxicity assessment. Also, the speciation transformations of CNPs caused by reactions
with (in)organic ligands in both environmental and biological systems would further
alter their fate, transport, and toxicity potential. Thus, the toxicity mechanisms of
CNPs are proposed based on the physical damage of direct adsorption of CNPs onto
the cell membrane and chemical inhibition (including oxidative stress and interaction of CNPs with biomacromolecules). Finally, the current knowledge gaps and
further research needs in identifying the toxicological risk factors of CNPs under
realistic environmental conditions are highlighted, which might improve predictions
about their potential environmental influences. This review aims to provide new
insights into cost-effectiveness of control options and management practices to
prevent environmental risks from CNPs exposure.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the [National Natural Science Funds for the
Excellent Young Scholar] under Grant [number 51722902]; [Outstanding Youth Fund of Natural
Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China] under grant [BK20160038]; the National Postdoctoral
Program for Innovative Talents (BX20190106); and PAPD. Yi Xu also thanks the scholarship
from the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development
Foundation (STGEF).
Conflict of Interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no
conflict of interest.
References
Aalapati S, Ganapathy S, Manapuram S, Anumolu G, Prakya BM (2014) Toxicity and
bio-accumulation of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in cd1 mice. Nanotoxicology 8
(7):786–798
Alili L, Sack M, Karakoti AS, Teuber S, Puschmann K, Hirst SM, Reilly CM, Zanger K, Stahl W,
Das S, Seal S, Brenneisen P (2011) Combined cytotoxic and anti-invasive properties of redoxactive nanoparticles in tumor-stroma interactions. Biomaterials 32(11):2918–2929
Alpaslan E, Yazici H, Golshan NH, Ziemer KS, Webster TJ (2015) pH-dependent activity of
dextran-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles on prohibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation. ACS
Biomater Sci Eng 1(11):1096–1103
Arai Y, Dahle JT (2017) Redox-ligand complexation controlled chemical fate of ceria nanoparticles
in an agricultural soil. J Agric Food Chem 66(26):6646–6653
Asati A, Santra S, Kaittanis C, Perez JM (2010) Surface-charge-dependent cell localization and
cytotoxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 4(9):5321–5331
Auffan M, Rose J, Bottero JY, Lowry GV, Jolivet JP, Wiesner MR (2009) Towards a definition of
inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective. Nat Nanotechnol
4(10):634–641
Auffan M, Bottero JY, Chaneac C, Rose J (2010) Inorganic manufactured nanoparticles: how their
physicochemical properties influence their biological effects in aqueous environments.
Nanomedicine 5(6):999–1007
Surface Properties and Environmental Transformations Controlling the. . .
197
sulfate/S
2- , and ferrous ions.
Physicochemical properties of CNPs play key roles in their environmental transformations and consequently their interactions with organisms, reactivity, and toxicity assessment. Also, the speciation transformations of CNPs caused by reactions
with (in)organic ligands in both environmental and biological systems would further
alter their fate, transport, and toxicity potential. Thus, the toxicity mechanisms of
CNPs are proposed based on the physical damage of direct adsorption of CNPs onto
the cell membrane and chemical inhibition (including oxidative stress and interaction of CNPs with biomacromolecules). Finally, the current knowledge gaps and
further research needs in identifying the toxicological risk factors of CNPs under
realistic environmental conditions are highlighted, which might improve predictions
about their potential environmental influences. This review aims to provide new
insights into cost-effectiveness of control options and management practices to
prevent environmental risks from CNPs exposure.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the [National Natural Science Funds for the
Excellent Young Scholar] under Grant [number 51722902]; [Outstanding Youth Fund of Natural
Science Foundation of Jiangsu, China] under grant [BK20160038]; the National Postdoctoral
Program for Innovative Talents (BX20190106); and PAPD. Yi Xu also thanks the scholarship
from the Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development
Foundation (STGEF).
Conflict of Interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no
conflict of interest.
References
Aalapati S, Ganapathy S, Manapuram S, Anumolu G, Prakya BM (2014) Toxicity and
bio-accumulation of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in cd1 mice. Nanotoxicology 8
(7):786–798
Alili L, Sack M, Karakoti AS, Teuber S, Puschmann K, Hirst SM, Reilly CM, Zanger K, Stahl W,
Das S, Seal S, Brenneisen P (2011) Combined cytotoxic and anti-invasive properties of redoxactive nanoparticles in tumor-stroma interactions. Biomaterials 32(11):2918–2929
Alpaslan E, Yazici H, Golshan NH, Ziemer KS, Webster TJ (2015) pH-dependent activity of
dextran-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles on prohibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation. ACS
Biomater Sci Eng 1(11):1096–1103
Arai Y, Dahle JT (2017) Redox-ligand complexation controlled chemical fate of ceria nanoparticles
in an agricultural soil. J Agric Food Chem 66(26):6646–6653
Asati A, Santra S, Kaittanis C, Perez JM (2010) Surface-charge-dependent cell localization and
cytotoxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 4(9):5321–5331
Auffan M, Rose J, Bottero JY, Lowry GV, Jolivet JP, Wiesner MR (2009) Towards a definition of
inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective. Nat Nanotechnol
4(10):634–641
Auffan M, Bottero JY, Chaneac C, Rose J (2010) Inorganic manufactured nanoparticles: how their
physicochemical properties influence their biological effects in aqueous environments.
Nanomedicine 5(6):999–1007
Surface Properties and Environmental Transformations Controlling the. . .
197