MATERIELS AND METHODS
2.Materials And Methods
2.1. Study area
This study was carried out along the middle coast of Algeria, specifically within the three
regions (Tipaza, Algiers and, Boumerdes) where P. oceanica meadows are present and exposed
to different levels and types of anthropogenic pressures (Figure 3).
2.1.1. Tipaza Region
Tipaza region is a coastal area located 70 km west of Algiers (Ouahchia et al., 2015),
with magnificent beaches along the Mediterranean Sea. This region has tourist and agricultural
vocation.
2.1.1.1. Tipaza municipality sites
Tipaza is a popular tourist destination. It has a fishing and recreational port, as well as
tourist sites along the coast, such as the tourist complex (ex CET), Corne d'or, and the Roman
ruins. Two sites were considered in this area: Cap El Hamouche (CH) and Kouali Cove (AK)
The first site (CH), is located in the western part of the municipality at the western
extremity of Bou Ismail Bay, at the base of Mount Chenoua, part of a future marine protected
area (PNUE/PAM/PAP/CAR, 2005). The area is characterized by agricultural activities and
unregulated urbanization. Pressures on the marine environment in this region include
discharges into the sea, beach sand extraction, and fishing activities that impact seagrass beds
(PNUE/PAM/CAR PAP, 2006).
The second site (AK), is located in a beach area frequented by sea users, approximately
70 km west of Algiers (Boumaza and Semroud, 1995). This area is considered to be of major
strategic interest for the conservation and protection of marine biodiversity ), it is only slightly
affected by human activities (Benali, 2010),notably overcrowding on summer season . In spite
of that, this location is distinguished by the existence of a barrier reef and dense meadow of P.
oceanica, with a lower boundary reaching a depth of 20 meters (Boumaza, 2015). The meadow
grows on hard substrate, with a high primary productivity and a good vitality making it as a
reference meadow in Bou Ismail Bay (Boumaza and Semroud, 2000; Boumaza et al., 2014;
Sengouga et al., 2019).
2.Materials And Methods
2.1. Study area
This study was carried out along the middle coast of Algeria, specifically within the three
regions (Tipaza, Algiers and, Boumerdes) where P. oceanica meadows are present and exposed
to different levels and types of anthropogenic pressures (Figure 3).
2.1.1. Tipaza Region
Tipaza region is a coastal area located 70 km west of Algiers (Ouahchia et al., 2015),
with magnificent beaches along the Mediterranean Sea. This region has tourist and agricultural
vocation.
2.1.1.1. Tipaza municipality sites
Tipaza is a popular tourist destination. It has a fishing and recreational port, as well as
tourist sites along the coast, such as the tourist complex (ex CET), Corne d'or, and the Roman
ruins. Two sites were considered in this area: Cap El Hamouche (CH) and Kouali Cove (AK)
The first site (CH), is located in the western part of the municipality at the western
extremity of Bou Ismail Bay, at the base of Mount Chenoua, part of a future marine protected
area (PNUE/PAM/PAP/CAR, 2005). The area is characterized by agricultural activities and
unregulated urbanization. Pressures on the marine environment in this region include
discharges into the sea, beach sand extraction, and fishing activities that impact seagrass beds
(PNUE/PAM/CAR PAP, 2006).
The second site (AK), is located in a beach area frequented by sea users, approximately
70 km west of Algiers (Boumaza and Semroud, 1995). This area is considered to be of major
strategic interest for the conservation and protection of marine biodiversity ), it is only slightly
affected by human activities (Benali, 2010),notably overcrowding on summer season . In spite
of that, this location is distinguished by the existence of a barrier reef and dense meadow of P.
oceanica, with a lower boundary reaching a depth of 20 meters (Boumaza, 2015). The meadow
grows on hard substrate, with a high primary productivity and a good vitality making it as a
reference meadow in Bou Ismail Bay (Boumaza and Semroud, 2000; Boumaza et al., 2014;
Sengouga et al., 2019).