27
Gurten II, Ozmak M, Yagmur E, Aktas Z (2012) Preparation and characterisation of activated
carbon from waste tea using K2CO3. Biomass Bioenergy 37:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2011.12.030
Hadi P, Barford J, McKay G (2014) Selective toxic metal uptake using an e-waste-based novel
sorbent-single, binary and ternary systems. J Environ Chem Eng 2(1):332–339. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.01.004
Hadi P, Xu M, Ning C, Lin CSK, McKay G (2015) A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J
260:895–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.088
He J, Chen JP (2014) A comprehensive review on biosorption of heavy metals by algal biomass: materials, performances, chemistry, and modeling simulation tools. Bioresour Technol
160:67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.068
Hesas RH, Daud WMAW, Sahu J, Arami-Niya A (2013) The effects of a microwave heating
method on the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste: a review. J Anal Appl
Pyrolysis 100:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.12.019
Hirunpraditkoon S, Tunthong N, Ruangcha A, Nuithitiku K (2011) Adsorption capacities of
activated carbons prepared from bamboo by KOH activation. World Acad Sci Eng Technol
78:711–715. https://doi.org/10.1086/662958
Hosseini S, Masoudi Soltani S, Jahangirian H, Eghbali Babadi F, Choong TSY, Khodapanah N
(2015) Fabrication and characterization porous carbon rod-shaped from almond natural fibers
for environmental applications. J Environ Chem Eng 3:2273–2280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jece.2015.08.027
Iftekhar S, Ramasamy DL, Srivastava V, Asif MB, Sillanpää M (2018) Understanding the factors affecting the adsorption of Lanthanum using different adsorbents: a critical review.
Chemosphere 204:413–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.053
Ioannidou O, Zabaniotou A (2007) Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon
production-a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 11(9):1966–2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2006.03.013
Iqbal M, Saeed A, Kalim I (2009) Characterization of adsorptive capacity and investigation of
mechanism of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption on mango peel waste from constituted metal
solution and genuine electroplating effluent. Sep Sci Technol 44(15):3770–3791. https://doi.
org/10.1080/01496390903182305
Justi KC, Fávere VT, Laranjeira MC, Neves A, Peralta RA (2005) Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of Cu (II), Cd (II), and Ni (II) ions by chitosan functionalized with 2 [-bis-(pyridylmethyl)
aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formylphenol. J Colloid Interface Sci 291(2):369–374. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.017
Kalaivani S, Vidhyadevi T, Murugesan A, Baskaralingam P, Anuradha C, Ravikumar L, Sivanesan
S (2015) Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of Ni (II) ion from an aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Theobroma cacao (cocoa) shell. Desalin Water Treat
54(6):1629–1641
Kasnejad MH, Esfandiari A, Kaghazchi T, Asasian N (2012) Effect of pre-oxidation for introduction of nitrogen containing functional groups into the structure of activated carbons and
its influence on Cu (II) adsorption. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43(5):736–740. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.02.006
Köseoğlu E, Akmil-Basar C (2015) Preparation, structural evaluation and adsorptive properties of
activated carbon from agricultural waste biomass. Adv Powder Technol 26(3):811–818. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2015.02.006
Kostoglou N, Koczwara C, Prehal C, Terziyska V, Babic B, Matovic B, Constantinides G, Tampaxis
C, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T (2017) Nanoporous activated carbon cloth as a versatile
material for hydrogen adsorption, selective gas separation and electrochemical energy storage.
Nano Energy 40:49–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.07.056
1 Synthesis of Activated Carbons for Heavy Metals Removal
Gurten II, Ozmak M, Yagmur E, Aktas Z (2012) Preparation and characterisation of activated
carbon from waste tea using K2CO3. Biomass Bioenergy 37:73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2011.12.030
Hadi P, Barford J, McKay G (2014) Selective toxic metal uptake using an e-waste-based novel
sorbent-single, binary and ternary systems. J Environ Chem Eng 2(1):332–339. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jece.2014.01.004
Hadi P, Xu M, Ning C, Lin CSK, McKay G (2015) A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J
260:895–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.088
He J, Chen JP (2014) A comprehensive review on biosorption of heavy metals by algal biomass: materials, performances, chemistry, and modeling simulation tools. Bioresour Technol
160:67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.068
Hesas RH, Daud WMAW, Sahu J, Arami-Niya A (2013) The effects of a microwave heating
method on the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste: a review. J Anal Appl
Pyrolysis 100:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.12.019
Hirunpraditkoon S, Tunthong N, Ruangcha A, Nuithitiku K (2011) Adsorption capacities of
activated carbons prepared from bamboo by KOH activation. World Acad Sci Eng Technol
78:711–715. https://doi.org/10.1086/662958
Hosseini S, Masoudi Soltani S, Jahangirian H, Eghbali Babadi F, Choong TSY, Khodapanah N
(2015) Fabrication and characterization porous carbon rod-shaped from almond natural fibers
for environmental applications. J Environ Chem Eng 3:2273–2280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jece.2015.08.027
Iftekhar S, Ramasamy DL, Srivastava V, Asif MB, Sillanpää M (2018) Understanding the factors affecting the adsorption of Lanthanum using different adsorbents: a critical review.
Chemosphere 204:413–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.053
Ioannidou O, Zabaniotou A (2007) Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon
production-a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 11(9):1966–2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2006.03.013
Iqbal M, Saeed A, Kalim I (2009) Characterization of adsorptive capacity and investigation of
mechanism of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption on mango peel waste from constituted metal
solution and genuine electroplating effluent. Sep Sci Technol 44(15):3770–3791. https://doi.
org/10.1080/01496390903182305
Justi KC, Fávere VT, Laranjeira MC, Neves A, Peralta RA (2005) Kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of Cu (II), Cd (II), and Ni (II) ions by chitosan functionalized with 2 [-bis-(pyridylmethyl)
aminomethyl]-4-methyl-6-formylphenol. J Colloid Interface Sci 291(2):369–374. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.017
Kalaivani S, Vidhyadevi T, Murugesan A, Baskaralingam P, Anuradha C, Ravikumar L, Sivanesan
S (2015) Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of Ni (II) ion from an aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Theobroma cacao (cocoa) shell. Desalin Water Treat
54(6):1629–1641
Kasnejad MH, Esfandiari A, Kaghazchi T, Asasian N (2012) Effect of pre-oxidation for introduction of nitrogen containing functional groups into the structure of activated carbons and
its influence on Cu (II) adsorption. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43(5):736–740. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jtice.2012.02.006
Köseoğlu E, Akmil-Basar C (2015) Preparation, structural evaluation and adsorptive properties of
activated carbon from agricultural waste biomass. Adv Powder Technol 26(3):811–818. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2015.02.006
Kostoglou N, Koczwara C, Prehal C, Terziyska V, Babic B, Matovic B, Constantinides G, Tampaxis
C, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T (2017) Nanoporous activated carbon cloth as a versatile
material for hydrogen adsorption, selective gas separation and electrochemical energy storage.
Nano Energy 40:49–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.07.056
1 Synthesis of Activated Carbons for Heavy Metals Removal