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Table 11.1 Commercial activated carbons for dyes wastewaters treatment
Starting material Preparation of adsorbents
Adsorbate type
and name
Additional
information
Results
References
Commercial
activated carbon
None
Reactive: reactive
turquoise blue QG
Surface
area = 618.7 m
2
/g
Max. sorption capacity = 140 mg/g
(pH = 2, T = 30 °C), the best fit for the
kinetic data – pseudo second-order model,
process was exothermic, the main
mechanism was physisorption
Schimmel
et al.
(2010)
Panreac, Fagron None
Mordant: mordant
blue 9
Surface area of
Fagron = 514 m
2
/g
Surface area of
Panreac = 296 m
2
/g
Max. sorption capacities:
Fagron – 221 mg/g
Fagron – 80,300 mg/g
Fagron – 200,490 mg/g
Panreac– 213 mg/g
Martins
and Nunes
(2015)
Panreac, Fagron Oxidant acid treatment (20 mL of
4.6 mol/L HNO
3 ), heated at 60 °C,
washed with deionized water and dry
at room temperature (24 h)
Max. sorption capacities:
Fagron – HNO
3 180 mg/g
Panreac – HNO
3 93 mg/g
Norit ROX 0.8
None
Reactive: red,
yellow, blue
Direct: red,
yellow, blue
Acid: red, rellow,
blue
Basic: red, yellow,
blue
Surface
area = 833–
1032 m
2
/g
Percentage removal of dyes were
following:
Reactive: blue 57%, red 47%, yellow
34%;
Direct: red 20%, yellow 9%, blue 27%;
Acid: red 43 %, yellow 78%, blue 45%;
Basic: red 87%, yellow 90%, blue 99%
Pereira
et al.
(2003)
Norit ROX 0.8
Oxidation with 5 mol/L HNO
3 , 3 h,
T – boiling
Norit ROX 0.8
Oxidation with 5 mol/L HNO
3 ,
3 + 3 h, T – boiling
Norit ROX 0.8
Oxidation
with 1 mol/L H
2 O
2 , T – room
Activated carbon Reduction with NH
3 , T = 200 °C
Activated carbon Thermal: under N
2 flow, T = 700 °C,
+1 h under dry air flow, T – room
Activated carbon Thermal: under H
2 flow, T = 700 °C,
+1 h under dry air flow, T – room
Activated carbon Thermal: under H
2 flow, T = 900 °C,
+1 h under dry air flow, T – room
A. Wołowicz and M. Wawrzkiewicz