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© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_10
Chapter 10
Heavy Metal Removal by Low-Cost
Adsorbents
Manisha Maharana, Madhumita Manna, Moumita Sardar, and Sujit Sen
Contents
10.1 Introduction
246
10.2 Different Techniques Available for Heavy Metal Removal: Pros and Cons
249
10.2.1 Chemical Precipitation
249
10.2.2 Ion Exchange
249
10.2.3 Membrane Filtration
250
10.2.4 Electrocoagulation
251
10.2.5 Flotation
251
10.2.6 Phytoremediation
252
10.2.7 Photocatalysis
252
10.2.8 Adsorption
253
10.3 Low-Cost Adsorbent
254
10.3.1 Zeolite
254
10.3.2 Clay
255
10.3.3 Peat Moss
257
10.3.4 Chitosan
258
10.3.5 Coal
259
10.3.6 Agricultural Waste
260
10.3.7 Industrial Waste
261
10.3.8 Bioadsorbent
262
10.4 Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Removal
263
10.5 Conclusion
266
References
267
Abstract Water pollution is one of the foremost environmental issues to deal with
worldwide. Heavy metal remediation from water bodies is of particular concern as
it persists in environment. Toxic heavy metals released in the water bodies from different sources like fertilizer manufacturing industries, mining, and electroplating
which are causing pollution in water and soil systems. Metals like arsenic, lead, and
M. Maharana · M. Manna · M. Sardar · S. Sen (*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela,
Rourkela, Odisha, India
e-mail: sensujit@nitrkl.ac.in