113
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_5
Chapter 5
Cellulose-Based Adsorbents for Heavy
Metal Removal
Soma Nag and Swarup Biswas
Contents
5.1 Introduction
114
5.2 Availability, Uses, Types, and Properties of Cellulosic Materials
115
5.3 Heavy Metal Sources and Their Impacts
118
5.4 Theoretical Aspects of Heavy Metal Adsorption
119
5.5 Uses of Cellulose-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal
121
5.5.1 Sugarcane Bagasse
121
5.5.2 Wood Sawdust
122
5.5.3 Rice Wastes
124
5.5.4 Coconut Wastes
125
5.5.5 Other Agricultural Wastes
125
5.5.6 Modified Cellulose
126
5.6 Conclusions
133
References
134
Abstract Pollution of water bodies has become a worldwide problem since the last
few decades due to the increased load of population and industrial activities.
Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides is also an important reason. Heavy metals
are one of the key toxic elements of wastewater and remain for a long time in the
system due to their nonbiodegradability. Adsorption technique using activated carbon is a convectional approach for heavy metal eradication but a costly method.
Scientists are attempting various waste materials in modern days to avoid the expensive activated carbon. Cellulose is a widely available, cheap natural polymeric
material and has metal binding properties. Researchers have attempted several natural cellulose-based materials and found promising results for heavy metal removal
and further observed that the adsorption capacity enhances with its treatment. This
chapter highlights a detailed review of works carried out by scientists using the cellulosic materials from different natural sources for heavy metal remediation.
Modification of cellulosic materials either through physical and chemical processes
S. Nag (*) · S. Biswas
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala,
Agartala, Tripura, India
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_5
Chapter 5
Cellulose-Based Adsorbents for Heavy
Metal Removal
Soma Nag and Swarup Biswas
Contents
5.1 Introduction
114
5.2 Availability, Uses, Types, and Properties of Cellulosic Materials
115
5.3 Heavy Metal Sources and Their Impacts
118
5.4 Theoretical Aspects of Heavy Metal Adsorption
119
5.5 Uses of Cellulose-Based Materials for Heavy Metal Removal
121
5.5.1 Sugarcane Bagasse
121
5.5.2 Wood Sawdust
122
5.5.3 Rice Wastes
124
5.5.4 Coconut Wastes
125
5.5.5 Other Agricultural Wastes
125
5.5.6 Modified Cellulose
126
5.6 Conclusions
133
References
134
Abstract Pollution of water bodies has become a worldwide problem since the last
few decades due to the increased load of population and industrial activities.
Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides is also an important reason. Heavy metals
are one of the key toxic elements of wastewater and remain for a long time in the
system due to their nonbiodegradability. Adsorption technique using activated carbon is a convectional approach for heavy metal eradication but a costly method.
Scientists are attempting various waste materials in modern days to avoid the expensive activated carbon. Cellulose is a widely available, cheap natural polymeric
material and has metal binding properties. Researchers have attempted several natural cellulose-based materials and found promising results for heavy metal removal
and further observed that the adsorption capacity enhances with its treatment. This
chapter highlights a detailed review of works carried out by scientists using the cellulosic materials from different natural sources for heavy metal remediation.
Modification of cellulosic materials either through physical and chemical processes
S. Nag (*) · S. Biswas
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala,
Agartala, Tripura, India