93
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_4
Chapter 4
Montmorillonite Clay Composite
for Heavy Metal Removal from Water
Jülide Hızal and Mesut Yılmazoğlu
Contents
4.1 Introduction: Montmorillonite as a Clay and an Adsorbent
94
4.2 Heavy Metal Removal by Clay Minerals
95
4.3 Polymer Composites of Montmorillonite
96
4.4 Metal Oxide Composites of Montmorillonite
98
4.5 Biosorbent Composites of Montmorillonite
100
4.6 Conclusion
102
References
107
Abstract Heavy metals are the most important pollutants due to their adverse
effects on ecology, genetic, nutrition, and environment. They are essential for organism in trace amounts, but become toxic and hazardous when they exceed certain
threshold concentrations. Various water treatment methods have been applying
heavy metal removal from wastewater effluents. But, the adsorption process stands
out due to cost-effectiveness and easy applicability of adsorption. On the other
hand, clays and clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, clinoptilolite, and
zeolite are convenient adsorbents for heavy metals as regards their low cost,
environment- friendly nature, abundancy, high specific surface area, small particle
size, high cation exchange capacity, applicability in a wide pH range, and high
chemical stability. Recently nanocomposites have been preferred because of their
improved thermal, mechanical, magnetic, and electric properties. The addition of
low amount of clay into polymers results in enhancing optical, flammability and
barrier properties.
The aim of this review is to introduce removal efficiency and environmental
remediation capability of different types of composites of montmorillonite for
heavy metal ions. In this review, montmorillonite was specifically considered in
terms of high affinity to adsorb heavy metals and excellent ion-exchange properties.
J. Hızal (*) · M. Yılmazoğlu
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Green Adsorbents to Remove Metals, Dyes and Boron
from Polluted Water, Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 49,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47400-3_4
Chapter 4
Montmorillonite Clay Composite
for Heavy Metal Removal from Water
Jülide Hızal and Mesut Yılmazoğlu
Contents
4.1 Introduction: Montmorillonite as a Clay and an Adsorbent
94
4.2 Heavy Metal Removal by Clay Minerals
95
4.3 Polymer Composites of Montmorillonite
96
4.4 Metal Oxide Composites of Montmorillonite
98
4.5 Biosorbent Composites of Montmorillonite
100
4.6 Conclusion
102
References
107
Abstract Heavy metals are the most important pollutants due to their adverse
effects on ecology, genetic, nutrition, and environment. They are essential for organism in trace amounts, but become toxic and hazardous when they exceed certain
threshold concentrations. Various water treatment methods have been applying
heavy metal removal from wastewater effluents. But, the adsorption process stands
out due to cost-effectiveness and easy applicability of adsorption. On the other
hand, clays and clay minerals such as montmorillonite, kaolinite, clinoptilolite, and
zeolite are convenient adsorbents for heavy metals as regards their low cost,
environment- friendly nature, abundancy, high specific surface area, small particle
size, high cation exchange capacity, applicability in a wide pH range, and high
chemical stability. Recently nanocomposites have been preferred because of their
improved thermal, mechanical, magnetic, and electric properties. The addition of
low amount of clay into polymers results in enhancing optical, flammability and
barrier properties.
The aim of this review is to introduce removal efficiency and environmental
remediation capability of different types of composites of montmorillonite for
heavy metal ions. In this review, montmorillonite was specifically considered in
terms of high affinity to adsorb heavy metals and excellent ion-exchange properties.
J. Hızal (*) · M. Yılmazoğlu
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey