concern is that the responsibility for problems in
the system is pushed from one participant to
another. The quality of the wastewater provided
is considered as a potential conflict. In order to
keep conflicts in the exchange process as low as
possible from the outset, the responsibility must
be clearly defined. Park management should also
be used to verify compliance with the agreed
qualities and to resolve conflicts, for instance
through benefit sharing approaches (Dombrovski
2010; UNESCO 2010). In this way, conflicts
could be avoided and the security for the participants in the exchange process could be
increased. In addition, a good basis for the
cooperation of the parties should be created. For
example, if deterioration in the quality of
wastewater is suspected, then the exchange
partner should be informed directly and both can
look for a solution together.
Discontinuation or failure of a linked
industry: For industries, it is critical to deal with
exchange processes, since the functional safety is
no longer given in the event of the discontinuation or absence of industry. The structure of the
link is not variable enough to react to the discontinuation and failure of industry. Planning
uncertainties are already occurring in the planning process since nobody knows which industry
will finally settle in the industrial park. An
emergency supply must be provided for the
failure of an industry in the exchange process. In
order to compensate for a complete loss of an
industry, a replacement industry is required that
meets the requirements. In order to be able to
identify potential replacement industries, a database must be available that provides links to the
specific requirement profiles of the industries.
Distance between industries: The distance
between the linked industries is considered as a
critical factor, and the cost of linking usually
increases with distance. Feasibility is questioned
at longer distances. The idea of overcoming the
critical factor of distance is detailed planning of
the arrangement of the industries. Industries
should be arranged in such a way that linked
industries have shorter distances. For this
detailed arrangement, a planning basis must be
developed in the form of a database, which
shows possible links. Without this planning
basis, creating the shortest possible connection is
difficult.
Image: A lack of awareness of sustainable
economic activity will lead to possible damage to
the image of industries that use wastewater as
process water. For example, if a dyeing factory
uses wastewater as a process water, then it may
not be tolerated since most people think of sanitation water as wastewater. For this reason, it is
assumed that many industries categorically
exclude the reuse of wastewater from another
industry. The damage to the image must be
reversed by awareness formation towards image
enhancement. The awareness of sustainable
economic activity could be increased with public
relations.
Data basis for planning process: The current
database for the EIP planning process is considered as a challenge since the few existing data do
not provide information on minimum water
quality requirements. Furthermore, low validation potential is considered critical because of the
small number of data records. The database has
to be significantly expanded by extensive measurement campaigns and the minimum requirements must be determined by experiments. The
newly collected data will be used to develop
links between industries to simplify the planning
process. The increase is also expected to result in
a validation of the data.
5 Conclusions and Outlook
In order to control the water problem in the
catchment area of the Zayandeh Rud, the available water volume must be managed carefully
and overexploitation must be avoided. The current water deficit needs to be reduced in the long
term. International examples of watershed
development show that the deficits can be successfully reduced through sustainable management (Gray and Srinidhi 2013). Resource
sensitive industrial developments by EIPs can be
a part of this sustainable management. The theoretical freshwater saving potentials calculated
for the various linking scenarios are very high at
218
J. von Koerber et al.
the system is pushed from one participant to
another. The quality of the wastewater provided
is considered as a potential conflict. In order to
keep conflicts in the exchange process as low as
possible from the outset, the responsibility must
be clearly defined. Park management should also
be used to verify compliance with the agreed
qualities and to resolve conflicts, for instance
through benefit sharing approaches (Dombrovski
2010; UNESCO 2010). In this way, conflicts
could be avoided and the security for the participants in the exchange process could be
increased. In addition, a good basis for the
cooperation of the parties should be created. For
example, if deterioration in the quality of
wastewater is suspected, then the exchange
partner should be informed directly and both can
look for a solution together.
Discontinuation or failure of a linked
industry: For industries, it is critical to deal with
exchange processes, since the functional safety is
no longer given in the event of the discontinuation or absence of industry. The structure of the
link is not variable enough to react to the discontinuation and failure of industry. Planning
uncertainties are already occurring in the planning process since nobody knows which industry
will finally settle in the industrial park. An
emergency supply must be provided for the
failure of an industry in the exchange process. In
order to compensate for a complete loss of an
industry, a replacement industry is required that
meets the requirements. In order to be able to
identify potential replacement industries, a database must be available that provides links to the
specific requirement profiles of the industries.
Distance between industries: The distance
between the linked industries is considered as a
critical factor, and the cost of linking usually
increases with distance. Feasibility is questioned
at longer distances. The idea of overcoming the
critical factor of distance is detailed planning of
the arrangement of the industries. Industries
should be arranged in such a way that linked
industries have shorter distances. For this
detailed arrangement, a planning basis must be
developed in the form of a database, which
shows possible links. Without this planning
basis, creating the shortest possible connection is
difficult.
Image: A lack of awareness of sustainable
economic activity will lead to possible damage to
the image of industries that use wastewater as
process water. For example, if a dyeing factory
uses wastewater as a process water, then it may
not be tolerated since most people think of sanitation water as wastewater. For this reason, it is
assumed that many industries categorically
exclude the reuse of wastewater from another
industry. The damage to the image must be
reversed by awareness formation towards image
enhancement. The awareness of sustainable
economic activity could be increased with public
relations.
Data basis for planning process: The current
database for the EIP planning process is considered as a challenge since the few existing data do
not provide information on minimum water
quality requirements. Furthermore, low validation potential is considered critical because of the
small number of data records. The database has
to be significantly expanded by extensive measurement campaigns and the minimum requirements must be determined by experiments. The
newly collected data will be used to develop
links between industries to simplify the planning
process. The increase is also expected to result in
a validation of the data.
5 Conclusions and Outlook
In order to control the water problem in the
catchment area of the Zayandeh Rud, the available water volume must be managed carefully
and overexploitation must be avoided. The current water deficit needs to be reduced in the long
term. International examples of watershed
development show that the deficits can be successfully reduced through sustainable management (Gray and Srinidhi 2013). Resource
sensitive industrial developments by EIPs can be
a part of this sustainable management. The theoretical freshwater saving potentials calculated
for the various linking scenarios are very high at
218
J. von Koerber et al.