to UN-Water, 96% of the population has access
to clean drinking water and 100% are connected
to the sewage system as of 2014 (UN-Water
2015).
In addition to agriculture, industry is an
important water user in the Zayandeh Rud
catchment area. More than 350,000 people work
in large steel and cement plants, oil refineries and
around 13,000 smaller companies. In the medium
and long-term, industry is expected to expand
due to regional socio-economic development,
population growth and rising living standards
(Raber and Mohajeri 2017). For the industrial
sector, approaches are needed to reduce water
consumption, reuse water within businesses and
develop new water sources.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The present paper focuses on the optimization of
the industrial wastewater stream using the
resource efficiency potential of industrial symbiosis as an instrument of the Industrial Ecology
(IE). This task requires a nexus-oriented
approach for the creation of an implementable
concept for sharing the available water resources.
Nexus refers to a connection or series of connections linking two or more subjects or things.
The Nexus approach to environmental resource
management examines the inter-relatedness and
interdependencies of environmental resources
and their transitions and fluxes across spatial
scales and between sectors (Hülsmann and
Fig. 1 Location of the Zayandeh Rud catchment in Isfahan Province, Iran ( source inter 3, details at https://www.iwrmzayandehrud.com/ziele/?lang=en)
208
J. von Koerber et al.
to clean drinking water and 100% are connected
to the sewage system as of 2014 (UN-Water
2015).
In addition to agriculture, industry is an
important water user in the Zayandeh Rud
catchment area. More than 350,000 people work
in large steel and cement plants, oil refineries and
around 13,000 smaller companies. In the medium
and long-term, industry is expected to expand
due to regional socio-economic development,
population growth and rising living standards
(Raber and Mohajeri 2017). For the industrial
sector, approaches are needed to reduce water
consumption, reuse water within businesses and
develop new water sources.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The present paper focuses on the optimization of
the industrial wastewater stream using the
resource efficiency potential of industrial symbiosis as an instrument of the Industrial Ecology
(IE). This task requires a nexus-oriented
approach for the creation of an implementable
concept for sharing the available water resources.
Nexus refers to a connection or series of connections linking two or more subjects or things.
The Nexus approach to environmental resource
management examines the inter-relatedness and
interdependencies of environmental resources
and their transitions and fluxes across spatial
scales and between sectors (Hülsmann and
Fig. 1 Location of the Zayandeh Rud catchment in Isfahan Province, Iran ( source inter 3, details at https://www.iwrmzayandehrud.com/ziele/?lang=en)
208
J. von Koerber et al.