Table 5 The main regulations affecting water or energy consumption for water pumping
Year
of
issue
Year of
implementation
Issuing organization
Topic
Affected area:
water/energy
Effects on efficiency
Source:
1999
1999
Parliament
Electric pumps for wells
Groundwater/energy
Negative; expansion of electricity
consumption with cheap prices
(Majlis of Iran
1999)
2004
2005
Parliament
Elimination of
observatory fees for
groundwater pumps in
agriculture
Groundwater
Negative; reduction of observatory
power of MOE on groundwater
consumption
(Majlis of Iran
2004a)
2010
2010
Parliament
Recognition the illegal
wells
Groundwater/energy
Negative, many wells have received
legal status and could be provided by
subsidized energy
(Majlis of Iran
2010)
2009
2010
Parliament/government
Elimination of subsidies
Energy
Positive; if this law could be
implemented, there was a chance of
reducing groundwater pumping
(Majlis of Iran
2009)
2015
2015
Government
20 h free electricity for
pumping groundwater
Groundwater/energy
Negative: this temporary plan has
encouraged extensive groundwater
pumping
(Chitchian 2015a,
Announcement on
15.7.2015)
2015
Under review,
not approved
Parliament
Free irrigation water
Surface water
Negative: if this will be law, it could
have devastating effects on any
efficient use of water
(Majlis of Iran
2015)
2018
2018
Government
20 h free electricity for
pumping groundwater
Energy/groundwater
Negative: this temporary plan has
eliminated monetary tools form
water-energy management completely
(Ahmadi Yazdi
2018,
announcement on
09.05.2018)
The Energy-Water Nexus in Iran …
117