includes laws, customs arts, beliefs, morals, habits, and
knowledge; it also became necessary for any organization to
study the culture of the new venture.
3 Research Framework
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between
entrepreneurship orientation and the sustainability of small
enterprises development to emphasize the influence of
entrepreneurship on both economic growth and sustainability of small enterprises.
4 Methodology
This paper reviewed 20 articles from the existing literature
on entrepreneurship, business sustainability, entrepreneurship orientation, globalization, and how to survive in a foreign market to reach our goal and prove the generated
hypotheses, which were produced by the written research
framework.
H 1 : There is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial
orientation and the sustainability of small enterprises
internationally.
H 2 : There is a significant connection between national culture as a moderator and the sustainability of small enterprise internationally.
5 Findings
As a result of innovative practices, strategies, technology,
quality, customer demand, and the sustainable comparative
advantage, there is a positive association between
entrepreneurship orientation and the sustainability of the
small enterprise. Therefore, business sustainability leads to
economic growth, risk management, job opportunities,
Table 1 International business (IB) theories (Mtigwe 2006)
Theory type
Theoretical base
Founder
Year
Theoretical emphasis
Literature
background
Classical theories
Theory of absolute
advantage
Smith
1776
A country (A nation) gains sustainability and
competitive advantage by generating unique
products and services to other nations based on their
available competencies and resources to enhance a
nation’s national economic growth
Smith
(1776)
Theory of
comparative
advantage
Ricardo
1817
Ricardo
(1817)
The Hecksher–
Ohlin factor
proportion theory
Hecksher
and Ohlin
1953
Hecksher
and Ohlin
(1933)
Early market
imperfection
theories
Foreign direct
investment theory
Hymer
1960
• Market imperfections are existing in different
forms, for example, government host
encouragements to internationalize
• International business patterns are market
expansion and technological in innovation, which
is the key factor to create and
develop new products
Hymer
(1960)
The product life
cycle theory
Vernon
1966
1971
Vernon
(1966)
(1971)
International
production theory
Dunning
1977
• In order to spread its product in a foreign country
it needs to rely on finding an exclusive attraction
of the firm’s home country compared with the
advantages of being in a foreign country and
resource implications
Dunning
(1977)
Internationalization
theories
Internationalization
theory
Buckley
and
Casson
1976
Internationalization provides a better understanding
of both foreign markets the firm may enter and its
capabilities to start foreign production. By creating
a firm’s international market, the small enterprise
will gain more profits by lowering the production
cost
Buckley
and Casson
(1976),
(1985)
International
entrepreneurship
theory
Oviatt and
McDougall
1994
Oviatt and
McDougall
(1994)
Network theory
Johanson
and
Mattson
1988
Johanson
and
Mattson
(1988)
The Influence of Entrepreneurship Orientation …
281
knowledge; it also became necessary for any organization to
study the culture of the new venture.
3 Research Framework
This paper aims to investigate the relationship between
entrepreneurship orientation and the sustainability of small
enterprises development to emphasize the influence of
entrepreneurship on both economic growth and sustainability of small enterprises.
4 Methodology
This paper reviewed 20 articles from the existing literature
on entrepreneurship, business sustainability, entrepreneurship orientation, globalization, and how to survive in a foreign market to reach our goal and prove the generated
hypotheses, which were produced by the written research
framework.
H 1 : There is a positive relationship between entrepreneurial
orientation and the sustainability of small enterprises
internationally.
H 2 : There is a significant connection between national culture as a moderator and the sustainability of small enterprise internationally.
5 Findings
As a result of innovative practices, strategies, technology,
quality, customer demand, and the sustainable comparative
advantage, there is a positive association between
entrepreneurship orientation and the sustainability of the
small enterprise. Therefore, business sustainability leads to
economic growth, risk management, job opportunities,
Table 1 International business (IB) theories (Mtigwe 2006)
Theory type
Theoretical base
Founder
Year
Theoretical emphasis
Literature
background
Classical theories
Theory of absolute
advantage
Smith
1776
A country (A nation) gains sustainability and
competitive advantage by generating unique
products and services to other nations based on their
available competencies and resources to enhance a
nation’s national economic growth
Smith
(1776)
Theory of
comparative
advantage
Ricardo
1817
Ricardo
(1817)
The Hecksher–
Ohlin factor
proportion theory
Hecksher
and Ohlin
1953
Hecksher
and Ohlin
(1933)
Early market
imperfection
theories
Foreign direct
investment theory
Hymer
1960
• Market imperfections are existing in different
forms, for example, government host
encouragements to internationalize
• International business patterns are market
expansion and technological in innovation, which
is the key factor to create and
develop new products
Hymer
(1960)
The product life
cycle theory
Vernon
1966
1971
Vernon
(1966)
(1971)
International
production theory
Dunning
1977
• In order to spread its product in a foreign country
it needs to rely on finding an exclusive attraction
of the firm’s home country compared with the
advantages of being in a foreign country and
resource implications
Dunning
(1977)
Internationalization
theories
Internationalization
theory
Buckley
and
Casson
1976
Internationalization provides a better understanding
of both foreign markets the firm may enter and its
capabilities to start foreign production. By creating
a firm’s international market, the small enterprise
will gain more profits by lowering the production
cost
Buckley
and Casson
(1976),
(1985)
International
entrepreneurship
theory
Oviatt and
McDougall
1994
Oviatt and
McDougall
(1994)
Network theory
Johanson
and
Mattson
1988
Johanson
and
Mattson
(1988)
The Influence of Entrepreneurship Orientation …
281