the compressive strength by 6% only, while, it increases
the tensile strength by 5%.
2. If 20% of CFA is combined with 100% RCA in concrete,
the compressive strength can be enhanced by 15%.
3. A combination of 100% RCA, 20% CFA, and 20% CWP
reduces the compressive strength by only 2%, whereas,
the tensile strength increases by 12%.
4. A 22% reduction in cost was registered for using 100%
RCA, 20% CFA, and 20% CWP. This high reduction in
cost comes from the 20% replacement of cement, which
is the costliest material, by ceramic. On the other hand,
decreasing the CO 2 emission by minimizing the cement
in this mix make this mix is the best choice for a sustainable, cost-effective, and green concrete.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this project by EXPO Dubai 2020
through the University Innovation Program. Also, the authors would
like to appreciate the assistance of Eng. Mohammad Jaradat from
Bee’ah company, Mr. Matthew Mycock from Heriot-Watt University,
Ms. Fatma Ibrahim from EXPO 2020, Prof. Amr S. El-Dieb from UAE
University and Mr. Elyas Mohammed Sha and Mr. Ajesh from the
Geoscience Lab Test.
References
ACI 209.2R-08. (2008). Guide for modeling and calculating shrinkage
and creep in hardened concrete. USA: American Concrete Institute.
Agrela, F., Alaejos, P. De, & Juan, M. S. (2013). Properties of concrete
with recycled aggregates. In F. Pacheco-Torgal, V. W. Y. Tam,
J. A. Labrincha, Y. Ding, & J. de Brito (Eds.), Handbook of
recycled concrete and demolition waste. UK: Woodhead Publishing
Limited.
De Brito, J., & Saikia, N. (2013). Recycled aggregate in concrete: Use
of industrial, construction and demolition waste. London: Green
Energy and Technology, Springer.
Dubai Statistics Center, Government of Dubai. Retrieved August 21,
2018, from https://www.dsc.gov.ae/en-us/Themes/Pages/Prices.
aspx?Theme=25&year=2017#DSC_Tab1.
Fisher, C., & Werge, M. (2009). EU as a recycling society, present
recycling levels of municipal waste and construction & demolition
waste in the EU. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment
Agency.
Kannan, D. M., Aboubakr, S. H., EL-Dieb, A. S., & Taha, M. M. R.
(2017). High performance concrete incorporating ceramic waste
powder as large partial replacement of Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 35–41.
Kett, I. (2010). Engineered concrete: Mix design and test methods (2nd
ed.). USA: CRC Press.
PAC Technologies LLC. Retrieved August 21, 2018, from http://www.
pactechnologies-ae.com/templates/pac/downloads/pdf/PDF%
20FILE-%20ADMIXTURE/precast-concrete/PC%20400.pdf.
Siddique, S., Shrivastava, S., & Chaudhary, S. (2018). Durability
properties of bone china ceramic fine aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 173, 323–333.
Statistics Center. (2016). Waste statistics. Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Producing Green Concrete by Using Recycled Materials in UAE
155
the tensile strength by 5%.
2. If 20% of CFA is combined with 100% RCA in concrete,
the compressive strength can be enhanced by 15%.
3. A combination of 100% RCA, 20% CFA, and 20% CWP
reduces the compressive strength by only 2%, whereas,
the tensile strength increases by 12%.
4. A 22% reduction in cost was registered for using 100%
RCA, 20% CFA, and 20% CWP. This high reduction in
cost comes from the 20% replacement of cement, which
is the costliest material, by ceramic. On the other hand,
decreasing the CO 2 emission by minimizing the cement
in this mix make this mix is the best choice for a sustainable, cost-effective, and green concrete.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this project by EXPO Dubai 2020
through the University Innovation Program. Also, the authors would
like to appreciate the assistance of Eng. Mohammad Jaradat from
Bee’ah company, Mr. Matthew Mycock from Heriot-Watt University,
Ms. Fatma Ibrahim from EXPO 2020, Prof. Amr S. El-Dieb from UAE
University and Mr. Elyas Mohammed Sha and Mr. Ajesh from the
Geoscience Lab Test.
References
ACI 209.2R-08. (2008). Guide for modeling and calculating shrinkage
and creep in hardened concrete. USA: American Concrete Institute.
Agrela, F., Alaejos, P. De, & Juan, M. S. (2013). Properties of concrete
with recycled aggregates. In F. Pacheco-Torgal, V. W. Y. Tam,
J. A. Labrincha, Y. Ding, & J. de Brito (Eds.), Handbook of
recycled concrete and demolition waste. UK: Woodhead Publishing
Limited.
De Brito, J., & Saikia, N. (2013). Recycled aggregate in concrete: Use
of industrial, construction and demolition waste. London: Green
Energy and Technology, Springer.
Dubai Statistics Center, Government of Dubai. Retrieved August 21,
2018, from https://www.dsc.gov.ae/en-us/Themes/Pages/Prices.
aspx?Theme=25&year=2017#DSC_Tab1.
Fisher, C., & Werge, M. (2009). EU as a recycling society, present
recycling levels of municipal waste and construction & demolition
waste in the EU. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Environment
Agency.
Kannan, D. M., Aboubakr, S. H., EL-Dieb, A. S., & Taha, M. M. R.
(2017). High performance concrete incorporating ceramic waste
powder as large partial replacement of Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 35–41.
Kett, I. (2010). Engineered concrete: Mix design and test methods (2nd
ed.). USA: CRC Press.
PAC Technologies LLC. Retrieved August 21, 2018, from http://www.
pactechnologies-ae.com/templates/pac/downloads/pdf/PDF%
20FILE-%20ADMIXTURE/precast-concrete/PC%20400.pdf.
Siddique, S., Shrivastava, S., & Chaudhary, S. (2018). Durability
properties of bone china ceramic fine aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 173, 323–333.
Statistics Center. (2016). Waste statistics. Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Producing Green Concrete by Using Recycled Materials in UAE
155