Regarding the Higher Board for Environment, the Environment Act (Art. 4)
states that citizens, academia, and independent experts should be invited to Board
meetings according to the topics and expertise field due to be discussed, and their
views and suggestions should be noted before preparation of the meeting’s agenda
(By-law No. 28727, Art.7).
Apart from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and its affiliated
bodies, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is foremost among the other
organizations which have responsibility for certain elements of environmental
issues. Through its sub-bodies, such as the General Directorate of National Parks
and Nature Conservation, the General Directorate of Water Management, and the
General Directorate of Combating with Desertification and Erosion, it protects the
environment in a direct manner (see Articles 2, 7, 8 and 9, Decree Law No. 645).
7
There are also many other different institutions which have varying roles in the
field of the environment. These include the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, and the Ministry of
Development and their affiliated bodies; sectoral bodies, such as the Commissions
established for examining Environmental Impact Assessment reports (Art. 4(s), Art.
8-14, By-Law on the Environmental Impact Assessment); advisory bodies, such as
the Environment and Urbanization Council (see Art. 27, Decree Law No. 644;
By-Law on Environment and Urbanization Council), and the Forestry and Water
Council (see Art. 21, Decree Law No. 645; By-Law on Forestry and Water
Council); and also local administrations.
3.3.4.3 Local Administrations
Local administrations are established to respond to the common local needs of their
inhabitants.
They are public corporate bodies whose establishment principles and
decision-making organs elected by the electorate are determined by law. There are
three kinds of local administration recognized under the Constitution: provinces,
municipalities and villages (Art. 127(1), 1982 Constitution).
Due to the fact that it is not convenient to conduct all public services concerning
environmental issues via the central administration, and in line with the principle of
decentralization, duties and powers regarding the environment are also assigned to
the local administrations by relevant laws, such as Municipality Act No. 5393 (see
Art. 14-15), Metropolitan Municipality Act No. 5216 (Art. 7i), Special Provincial
Administration Act No. 5302 (Art. 6-7),
8 and Village Act No. 442 (Art. 13-14).
7
It was established when the regulations regarding the organization and duties of the Ministry of
Food, Agriculture and Livestock and the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs were abolished
(Decree Law No. 703, Articles 27-28; Presidential Decree No. 1, Articles 410-440).
8
Through Act No. 6360, special provincial administrations were abolished, and the borders of the
Metropolitan Municipalities were regulated as the territorial borders of the provinces.
48
Z. Savaşan
states that citizens, academia, and independent experts should be invited to Board
meetings according to the topics and expertise field due to be discussed, and their
views and suggestions should be noted before preparation of the meeting’s agenda
(By-law No. 28727, Art.7).
Apart from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and its affiliated
bodies, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is foremost among the other
organizations which have responsibility for certain elements of environmental
issues. Through its sub-bodies, such as the General Directorate of National Parks
and Nature Conservation, the General Directorate of Water Management, and the
General Directorate of Combating with Desertification and Erosion, it protects the
environment in a direct manner (see Articles 2, 7, 8 and 9, Decree Law No. 645).
7
There are also many other different institutions which have varying roles in the
field of the environment. These include the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Rural
Affairs, the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, and the Ministry of
Development and their affiliated bodies; sectoral bodies, such as the Commissions
established for examining Environmental Impact Assessment reports (Art. 4(s), Art.
8-14, By-Law on the Environmental Impact Assessment); advisory bodies, such as
the Environment and Urbanization Council (see Art. 27, Decree Law No. 644;
By-Law on Environment and Urbanization Council), and the Forestry and Water
Council (see Art. 21, Decree Law No. 645; By-Law on Forestry and Water
Council); and also local administrations.
3.3.4.3 Local Administrations
Local administrations are established to respond to the common local needs of their
inhabitants.
They are public corporate bodies whose establishment principles and
decision-making organs elected by the electorate are determined by law. There are
three kinds of local administration recognized under the Constitution: provinces,
municipalities and villages (Art. 127(1), 1982 Constitution).
Due to the fact that it is not convenient to conduct all public services concerning
environmental issues via the central administration, and in line with the principle of
decentralization, duties and powers regarding the environment are also assigned to
the local administrations by relevant laws, such as Municipality Act No. 5393 (see
Art. 14-15), Metropolitan Municipality Act No. 5216 (Art. 7i), Special Provincial
Administration Act No. 5302 (Art. 6-7),
8 and Village Act No. 442 (Art. 13-14).
7
It was established when the regulations regarding the organization and duties of the Ministry of
Food, Agriculture and Livestock and the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs were abolished
(Decree Law No. 703, Articles 27-28; Presidential Decree No. 1, Articles 410-440).
8
Through Act No. 6360, special provincial administrations were abolished, and the borders of the
Metropolitan Municipalities were regulated as the territorial borders of the provinces.
48
Z. Savaşan