system. Many By-Laws were enacted to enforce different aspects of the provisions
of the Environment Act.
4 In addition to the Environment Act and its related
By-Laws, some other regulations were specifically related to the environment as
well.
5 The country also continued to actively participate in various multilateral,
regional and bilateral environmental agreements in this period, l
6 and approved
several declarations on environment.
7 Thus, by 1997, Turkey had adopted 38
conventions, 29 declarations and 15 bilateral agreements on environmental protection (NEAP, 1999: 12). Additionally, it developed and implemented strategy
4
Such as on the Fund for Prevention of Pollution (1985), on the Protection of Air Quality (1986),
on Noise Control (1986), on the Fines To Be Imposed on Ships and Other Sea Vessels (1987), on
the Control of Water Pollution (1988), on Solid Wastes Control (1991), on Environmental Impact
Assessment (1993), on the Control of Harmful Chemical Substances and Products (1993), on
Medical Wastes Control (1993), on Hazardous Wastes Control Management (1995) and Revision
of the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (1997). See at: www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
5
They can be illustrated as follows: Conservation of Cultural and Natural Property Act
No. 2863 (1983), National Parks Act No. 2873 (1983), Construction Act No. 3194 (1985), Mining
Act No. 3213 (1985), Decree Law No. 383 on the Establishment of an Environmental Protection
Institution (1989), Coastal Act No. 3621 (1990). See at: www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
6
Some of those are: Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural
Heritage (1983), Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (1983), Protocol for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-based Sources (1983),
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Their Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention) (1984), Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission
of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) (1985), the Agreement signed with the Federal Republic of
Germany on the Improvement of Large Leafed Trees in the Black Sea Region (1989), Vienna
Convention on the protection of the Ozone Layer (1990), Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (1990), Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (1990),
Convention on Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) (1990), Project Agreement signed
with the Federal Republic of Germany on the Conversation of Nature and Environment (1991),
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements Hazardous Wastes and Their
Disposal (1994), Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (1994), Protocol
on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land Based
Sources (1994), Protocol on Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Black Sea Marine
Environment by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations (1994), Protocol on
the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution by Dumping (1994),
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna And Flora (CITES)
(1996), Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas in the Mediterranean (1996), Protocol on
the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal (1996), Cooperation Agreement on the Environment signed with
Turkmenistan (1997), Protocol on the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Co-operative Convention on Biological Diversity (1997).
7
Such as Genoa Declaration on Mediterranean Sea (1985), UN/EC Flora, Fauna and Living
Environment Protection Declaration (1988), European Environment and Health Charter (1989),
Atmospheric Pollution and Climate (Noordwijk) Declaration (1989), Euro-Mediterranean
Environment Charter (1990), UN/EC Sustainable Development (Bergen) Declaration (1990),
New European (Paris) Charter (1990), UN/EC Espoo Ministerial Accord (1991), Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development (1992), Agenda 21 (1992), Declaration on Forestry on
Principles (1992), Central Asia and Balkan Republic Environment Ministers Declaration (1994),
Barcelona Resolution (1995), OECD Environment Ministers Declaration (1998).
2 The Development Process of Environmental Law in Turkey: …
11
of the Environment Act.
4 In addition to the Environment Act and its related
By-Laws, some other regulations were specifically related to the environment as
well.
5 The country also continued to actively participate in various multilateral,
regional and bilateral environmental agreements in this period, l
6 and approved
several declarations on environment.
7 Thus, by 1997, Turkey had adopted 38
conventions, 29 declarations and 15 bilateral agreements on environmental protection (NEAP, 1999: 12). Additionally, it developed and implemented strategy
4
Such as on the Fund for Prevention of Pollution (1985), on the Protection of Air Quality (1986),
on Noise Control (1986), on the Fines To Be Imposed on Ships and Other Sea Vessels (1987), on
the Control of Water Pollution (1988), on Solid Wastes Control (1991), on Environmental Impact
Assessment (1993), on the Control of Harmful Chemical Substances and Products (1993), on
Medical Wastes Control (1993), on Hazardous Wastes Control Management (1995) and Revision
of the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment (1997). See at: www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
5
They can be illustrated as follows: Conservation of Cultural and Natural Property Act
No. 2863 (1983), National Parks Act No. 2873 (1983), Construction Act No. 3194 (1985), Mining
Act No. 3213 (1985), Decree Law No. 383 on the Establishment of an Environmental Protection
Institution (1989), Coastal Act No. 3621 (1990). See at: www.mevzuat.gov.tr.
6
Some of those are: Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural
Heritage (1983), Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (1983), Protocol for the
Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution from Land-based Sources (1983),
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Their Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention) (1984), Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission
of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) (1985), the Agreement signed with the Federal Republic of
Germany on the Improvement of Large Leafed Trees in the Black Sea Region (1989), Vienna
Convention on the protection of the Ozone Layer (1990), Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer (1990), Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident (1990),
Convention on Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) (1990), Project Agreement signed
with the Federal Republic of Germany on the Conversation of Nature and Environment (1991),
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements Hazardous Wastes and Their
Disposal (1994), Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (1994), Protocol
on the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution from Land Based
Sources (1994), Protocol on Cooperation in Combating Pollution of the Black Sea Marine
Environment by Oil and Other Harmful Substances in Emergency Situations (1994), Protocol on
the Protection of the Black Sea Marine Environment Against Pollution by Dumping (1994),
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna And Flora (CITES)
(1996), Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas in the Mediterranean (1996), Protocol on
the Prevention of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and Their Disposal (1996), Cooperation Agreement on the Environment signed with
Turkmenistan (1997), Protocol on the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air
Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Co-operative Convention on Biological Diversity (1997).
7
Such as Genoa Declaration on Mediterranean Sea (1985), UN/EC Flora, Fauna and Living
Environment Protection Declaration (1988), European Environment and Health Charter (1989),
Atmospheric Pollution and Climate (Noordwijk) Declaration (1989), Euro-Mediterranean
Environment Charter (1990), UN/EC Sustainable Development (Bergen) Declaration (1990),
New European (Paris) Charter (1990), UN/EC Espoo Ministerial Accord (1991), Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development (1992), Agenda 21 (1992), Declaration on Forestry on
Principles (1992), Central Asia and Balkan Republic Environment Ministers Declaration (1994),
Barcelona Resolution (1995), OECD Environment Ministers Declaration (1998).
2 The Development Process of Environmental Law in Turkey: …
11