21
harbours, tourism units and pilgrims. The mangroves in this sector have been
mostly sacrificed for shrimp farms, which is one of the major livelihoods in this
area.
It is seen from the table highlighting the opinion of the stakeholders of western
Indian Sundarbans that there is a strong inclination towards the regulating services
of mangroves (Table 1.10). The stakeholders exhibited least interest on cultural and
religious convergence. This may be due to the geographical location of the western
Indian Sundarbans adjacent to Haldia port-cum-industrial complex. Apart from
industries and tourism units, people in the western sector earn their livelihood from
fish landing related activities and agriculture, and hence has little interest toward
alternative livelihood or religious rituals. The chain of factories and industries, fish
landing stations (like Kakdwip, Namkhana etc.), tourism units (at Bakkhali, Sagar
Island etc.), Brick kilns (at Kakdwip), pilgrims (like Kapil Muni Ashram at Sagar
South) offer employment at different levels. This is one of the possible reasons of
less interest of the people towards alternative livelihood like poultry farming, fishfeed preparation, weaving, handicraft manufacturing, oyster culture seaweed culture etc. in this sector of Indian Sundarbans.
ANOVA carried out with the data sets of Table 1.10 shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the views of stake holders on the ecosystem
Table 1.9 Use of mangrove associate species in health care products
Product name
Company
name
Country Seaweed used
Super Moisturizing Hand Cream
Balance Me
UK
Chondrus crispus
Pacific Seaweed Soak
Beauty
through
Balance
Canada Macrocystis integrifolia
Gentle Foaming Facial Cleanser
Be Natural
Organic
U.S.
Ascophyllum nodosum
Your Best Baby Bump Duo
(containing Elasticity Belly Oil
and All Day Moisture Body
Lotion)
Belli Skincare U.S.
Chondrus crispus
Detoxifying Soap Bar with
Grapefruit, Lemon and Seaweed
Bentley
Organic
UK
Fucus vesiculosus
Brow Boost
Billion Dollar
Brows
U.S.
Laminaria digitata
Bliss Fabulous Every Day Eye
cream
Bliss World
LLC
U.S.
Laminaria digitata
Beeswax and Royal Jelly Eye
Cream
Burt’s Bees
U.S.
Chondrus crispus
Scottish Intensive Seaweed
Conditioner
Diana
Drummond
UK
Laminaria digitata, Chondrus
crispus, Ascophyllum nodosum,
Ulva lactuca
Sea Plus Renewal Night Cream
Alba Botanica U.S.
Chondrus crispus, Laminaria
digitata, Macrocystis pyrifera,
Ulva compressa, Ulva lactuca
1 Ecosystem Services of Mangroves: An Overview
harbours, tourism units and pilgrims. The mangroves in this sector have been
mostly sacrificed for shrimp farms, which is one of the major livelihoods in this
area.
It is seen from the table highlighting the opinion of the stakeholders of western
Indian Sundarbans that there is a strong inclination towards the regulating services
of mangroves (Table 1.10). The stakeholders exhibited least interest on cultural and
religious convergence. This may be due to the geographical location of the western
Indian Sundarbans adjacent to Haldia port-cum-industrial complex. Apart from
industries and tourism units, people in the western sector earn their livelihood from
fish landing related activities and agriculture, and hence has little interest toward
alternative livelihood or religious rituals. The chain of factories and industries, fish
landing stations (like Kakdwip, Namkhana etc.), tourism units (at Bakkhali, Sagar
Island etc.), Brick kilns (at Kakdwip), pilgrims (like Kapil Muni Ashram at Sagar
South) offer employment at different levels. This is one of the possible reasons of
less interest of the people towards alternative livelihood like poultry farming, fishfeed preparation, weaving, handicraft manufacturing, oyster culture seaweed culture etc. in this sector of Indian Sundarbans.
ANOVA carried out with the data sets of Table 1.10 shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the views of stake holders on the ecosystem
Table 1.9 Use of mangrove associate species in health care products
Product name
Company
name
Country Seaweed used
Super Moisturizing Hand Cream
Balance Me
UK
Chondrus crispus
Pacific Seaweed Soak
Beauty
through
Balance
Canada Macrocystis integrifolia
Gentle Foaming Facial Cleanser
Be Natural
Organic
U.S.
Ascophyllum nodosum
Your Best Baby Bump Duo
(containing Elasticity Belly Oil
and All Day Moisture Body
Lotion)
Belli Skincare U.S.
Chondrus crispus
Detoxifying Soap Bar with
Grapefruit, Lemon and Seaweed
Bentley
Organic
UK
Fucus vesiculosus
Brow Boost
Billion Dollar
Brows
U.S.
Laminaria digitata
Bliss Fabulous Every Day Eye
cream
Bliss World
LLC
U.S.
Laminaria digitata
Beeswax and Royal Jelly Eye
Cream
Burt’s Bees
U.S.
Chondrus crispus
Scottish Intensive Seaweed
Conditioner
Diana
Drummond
UK
Laminaria digitata, Chondrus
crispus, Ascophyllum nodosum,
Ulva lactuca
Sea Plus Renewal Night Cream
Alba Botanica U.S.
Chondrus crispus, Laminaria
digitata, Macrocystis pyrifera,
Ulva compressa, Ulva lactuca
1 Ecosystem Services of Mangroves: An Overview