224
S. Maity et al.
form for improved functionality. The fixation of the particles on textile surface can
be improved by high temperature curing. The high temperature curing treatment on
cotton or polyester fibres produces activated surface induced by oxygen containing
diverse polar groups. These polar groups increase the synergy of Ag blending with
TiO 2 on textile surface. High frequency plasma treatment in presence of oxygen and
vacuum UV lead plasma treatments are also tried for increasing adhesion of Ag and
TiO 2 on textile surface [30].
7 Self-cleaning Effect by Using Colloidal Metal Oxide
A colloidal solution of suitable metal oxide particles is to be prepared and textile
fabric is to be dipped into it followed by a through heat treatment process to create
certain roughness on fibre surface in nanometer scale. By this treatment fabric become
water repellent with water contact angle above 150°. Synthetic textiles can be coated
with TiO 2 by this colloid suspension method [31]. These TiO 2 coated fabrics are
able to remove the stain of tea, coffee, wine etc. under visible light with time. The
durability of the TiO 2 coating on textile surface achieved by this process is found to be
satisfactory for multiple use. In another study, a blended colloidal solution is prepared
by mixing TiO 2 powder in titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) colloid and wool/polyamide,
polyester fabrics are processed through this colloid. The treated textiles are able to
discolor wine and coffee stains under solar radiation [31]. The colloidal coating is
found to be stable and excellent stain removal potential and it is also can perform
under neon light. TiO 2 –SiO 2 sol-gel preparation is proposed to be as a transparent
photoactive coating that can apply to textiles at low temperature without damaging
textile surface. This preparation is reported to be better photo-catalytic agent than
that of TiO 2 alone [31].
8 Self-cleaning Effect by Using N Halamine
Chlorine is a well known disinfectant used for killing bacteria. The chlorine atom
present is N-halamines are successfully explored for biocides applications. Nhalamines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing at least one covalent bond
between nitrogen atom and a halogen atom (N–X). In case of stable N-halamines
the halogen is chlorine (N–Cl) in most of the cases. The stability of N–Cl bond
depends on the chlorination reaction by which the bond is formed. The chlorination
of amine, amide and imide groups are generally occurs in dilute hypochlorite solution. N-halamines are biocides which can kill a broad range of micro-organisms like
bacteria, fungi, viruses etc. This anti-microbial effect is attributed to the capability
of electrophilic substitution of chloride ion (–Cl) with hydrogen ion (–H) situated
in N–Cl. This substitution reaction occurs in presence of water (H 2 O) resulting to
the transfer of Cl
+ ions that can bind to acceptor regions on microorganisms. As a
S. Maity et al.
form for improved functionality. The fixation of the particles on textile surface can
be improved by high temperature curing. The high temperature curing treatment on
cotton or polyester fibres produces activated surface induced by oxygen containing
diverse polar groups. These polar groups increase the synergy of Ag blending with
TiO 2 on textile surface. High frequency plasma treatment in presence of oxygen and
vacuum UV lead plasma treatments are also tried for increasing adhesion of Ag and
TiO 2 on textile surface [30].
7 Self-cleaning Effect by Using Colloidal Metal Oxide
A colloidal solution of suitable metal oxide particles is to be prepared and textile
fabric is to be dipped into it followed by a through heat treatment process to create
certain roughness on fibre surface in nanometer scale. By this treatment fabric become
water repellent with water contact angle above 150°. Synthetic textiles can be coated
with TiO 2 by this colloid suspension method [31]. These TiO 2 coated fabrics are
able to remove the stain of tea, coffee, wine etc. under visible light with time. The
durability of the TiO 2 coating on textile surface achieved by this process is found to be
satisfactory for multiple use. In another study, a blended colloidal solution is prepared
by mixing TiO 2 powder in titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) colloid and wool/polyamide,
polyester fabrics are processed through this colloid. The treated textiles are able to
discolor wine and coffee stains under solar radiation [31]. The colloidal coating is
found to be stable and excellent stain removal potential and it is also can perform
under neon light. TiO 2 –SiO 2 sol-gel preparation is proposed to be as a transparent
photoactive coating that can apply to textiles at low temperature without damaging
textile surface. This preparation is reported to be better photo-catalytic agent than
that of TiO 2 alone [31].
8 Self-cleaning Effect by Using N Halamine
Chlorine is a well known disinfectant used for killing bacteria. The chlorine atom
present is N-halamines are successfully explored for biocides applications. Nhalamines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing at least one covalent bond
between nitrogen atom and a halogen atom (N–X). In case of stable N-halamines
the halogen is chlorine (N–Cl) in most of the cases. The stability of N–Cl bond
depends on the chlorination reaction by which the bond is formed. The chlorination
of amine, amide and imide groups are generally occurs in dilute hypochlorite solution. N-halamines are biocides which can kill a broad range of micro-organisms like
bacteria, fungi, viruses etc. This anti-microbial effect is attributed to the capability
of electrophilic substitution of chloride ion (–Cl) with hydrogen ion (–H) situated
in N–Cl. This substitution reaction occurs in presence of water (H 2 O) resulting to
the transfer of Cl
+ ions that can bind to acceptor regions on microorganisms. As a