190
P. Madiwale et al.
7.5 Textile Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Recovery
and Regeneration
The blood vessels or the vascular system form an indispensible part of the cardiovascular system that is the crucial part of the human body responsible for the transport
of the nutrients and oxygen and waste materials throughout the body. A diseased
blood vessel can lead to the death of the person. The vascular diseases are mostly
treated by using an autologous graft (blood vessel from patient’s body). However,
about 20–30% of patients do not have adequately sized vein or artery to perform
the surgery. The tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) have lower incidences
of infectious complications than other grafts. It shows higher withstanding duration towards degradation. The TEVGs also maintain adequate suture strength and
is suturable. The vascular scaffolds can also be prepared by the traditional textile
methods, including wet, dry, or melt spinning, nonwoven bonding, weaving, knitting
or braiding. Most of the times, weaving techniques are used when high mechanical
properties are required [74].
The properties for an ideal TEVG is mimicking the extra-cellular matrix environment, mechanical strength to sustain the high vascular fluid movements, cell
attachment and optimum pore size for growth of cells. The important characteristic for use of biomaterial as TEVG is resistance to thrombosis, inflammation, and
neo-intimal proliferation. TEVG play a very crucial role of bridging, guiding cellmediated remodeling to reproduce the structure and organization. Elasticity of the
vascular grafts is a significant factors while consideration [74].
8 Future Challenges and Scope of Growth for Textiles
in Medical Scaffold
The application of textile materials in tissue engineering scaffold is very important
because of its amicable properties of the substitution of human tissue and organs.
Properties of textile vary as per the structure of fibre or fabric. Where high elasticity is required knitted fabric can be used. This kind of elastic property is required
for the implants used for the reinforcement of an organ subjected to the dynamic
stress like vascular graft. Nonwoven textile structures resemble the connective tissue
in the body along with mazy structure and very good water absorption which are
desirable properties for the materials used in scaffolds and tissue engineering. Scaffold structures are prepared from various natural biomaterial or material originated
from the nature by using various techniques. Many new innovative biomaterials have
been prepared for the application as tissue engineering scaffolds by various scientists
through recent years. These materials can be used as textile scaffold. 3D printing is
one of the newer techniques which is used in the manufacturing of the scaffolds from
the various recently synthesised novel biomaterials. The structure of textile scaffold
is the most important factor which depends on the properties required in scaffold.
P. Madiwale et al.
7.5 Textile Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Recovery
and Regeneration
The blood vessels or the vascular system form an indispensible part of the cardiovascular system that is the crucial part of the human body responsible for the transport
of the nutrients and oxygen and waste materials throughout the body. A diseased
blood vessel can lead to the death of the person. The vascular diseases are mostly
treated by using an autologous graft (blood vessel from patient’s body). However,
about 20–30% of patients do not have adequately sized vein or artery to perform
the surgery. The tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) have lower incidences
of infectious complications than other grafts. It shows higher withstanding duration towards degradation. The TEVGs also maintain adequate suture strength and
is suturable. The vascular scaffolds can also be prepared by the traditional textile
methods, including wet, dry, or melt spinning, nonwoven bonding, weaving, knitting
or braiding. Most of the times, weaving techniques are used when high mechanical
properties are required [74].
The properties for an ideal TEVG is mimicking the extra-cellular matrix environment, mechanical strength to sustain the high vascular fluid movements, cell
attachment and optimum pore size for growth of cells. The important characteristic for use of biomaterial as TEVG is resistance to thrombosis, inflammation, and
neo-intimal proliferation. TEVG play a very crucial role of bridging, guiding cellmediated remodeling to reproduce the structure and organization. Elasticity of the
vascular grafts is a significant factors while consideration [74].
8 Future Challenges and Scope of Growth for Textiles
in Medical Scaffold
The application of textile materials in tissue engineering scaffold is very important
because of its amicable properties of the substitution of human tissue and organs.
Properties of textile vary as per the structure of fibre or fabric. Where high elasticity is required knitted fabric can be used. This kind of elastic property is required
for the implants used for the reinforcement of an organ subjected to the dynamic
stress like vascular graft. Nonwoven textile structures resemble the connective tissue
in the body along with mazy structure and very good water absorption which are
desirable properties for the materials used in scaffolds and tissue engineering. Scaffold structures are prepared from various natural biomaterial or material originated
from the nature by using various techniques. Many new innovative biomaterials have
been prepared for the application as tissue engineering scaffolds by various scientists
through recent years. These materials can be used as textile scaffold. 3D printing is
one of the newer techniques which is used in the manufacturing of the scaffolds from
the various recently synthesised novel biomaterials. The structure of textile scaffold
is the most important factor which depends on the properties required in scaffold.