188
P. Madiwale et al.
has a promising future for developing smart textiles which can monitor the condition
of wound and respond accordingly.
Electro spinning has become one of the most popular processes to produce medical textiles in the form of wound dressings [68]. This is a simple and effective
method to produce nano-scale fibrous mats with controlled pore size and structure,
from both natural and synthetic origin polymers. This technique has gain much attention because of its versatility, reproducibility, volume-to-surface ratio and submicron
range. Recently, functionalizing these electrospun wound dressings with active compounds that accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration has become the major
goal [69]. In moist healing concept, alginate fiber becomes one of the most important
fibers in the wound dressing. The incorporation of biological agents into the fiber
used for nonwoven wound dressings provide a means for directly introducing such
agents to the wound without a separate application and with no additional discomfort to the patient. Many researchers have explored the wound healing ability of the
alginate fiber with different modification [70].
7.4 Textile Scaffolds for Bone Recovery and Regeneration
Bone constitutes the framework of human body because it is among the hard tissues.
It is one of tissues which have one the most transplantation. The numbers of grafting
surgeries related to bone are increasing exponentially. The site of the bone tissue,
the size of the defect or damage, mechanical stresses and soft tissue that cover the
damaged site are the factors which need to be consider while designing scaffold for
bone tissue. The microscopic analysis of bone represents that bone is constituted of a
dense shell of cortical bone to support and protection. The interior of bone is made up
of porous cancellous bone which optimises weight transfer and minimise the friction
at the articulating joints. The mineral phase present in the bone is responsible for
the stiffness of the bone. This arrangement of the ordered organisation makes bone
enables for the superior mechanical properties to those of its single components. Thus
researchers need extensive study to develop a strategy for recovery and regeneration
of the bone tissue mimicking this ordered organisation.
Biomaterials for bone regeneration should be biocompatible, biodegradable substances that support cell attachment, spread, proliferate (osteoconductive), and control cell differentiation into osteogenic lineages. Various materials has been used for
the preparation of scaffolds recovery and regeneration [71].
Miscellaneous materials which resemble the host environment for regeneration
of the damaged bone tissue are being researched and developed. The materials primarily focussed as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering include (i) bio-ceramic
materials which show high compression ability, osteo-conductivity, containing bone
integrating chemicals constitution of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate; (ii)
natural polymers like collagens, fibrin, elastin, alginate, hyaluronic acid are used
in clinical trials due to the their intrinsic bio-compatibility and negligible adverse
immunological reaction; (iii) synthetic polymers and their modification based on
P. Madiwale et al.
has a promising future for developing smart textiles which can monitor the condition
of wound and respond accordingly.
Electro spinning has become one of the most popular processes to produce medical textiles in the form of wound dressings [68]. This is a simple and effective
method to produce nano-scale fibrous mats with controlled pore size and structure,
from both natural and synthetic origin polymers. This technique has gain much attention because of its versatility, reproducibility, volume-to-surface ratio and submicron
range. Recently, functionalizing these electrospun wound dressings with active compounds that accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration has become the major
goal [69]. In moist healing concept, alginate fiber becomes one of the most important
fibers in the wound dressing. The incorporation of biological agents into the fiber
used for nonwoven wound dressings provide a means for directly introducing such
agents to the wound without a separate application and with no additional discomfort to the patient. Many researchers have explored the wound healing ability of the
alginate fiber with different modification [70].
7.4 Textile Scaffolds for Bone Recovery and Regeneration
Bone constitutes the framework of human body because it is among the hard tissues.
It is one of tissues which have one the most transplantation. The numbers of grafting
surgeries related to bone are increasing exponentially. The site of the bone tissue,
the size of the defect or damage, mechanical stresses and soft tissue that cover the
damaged site are the factors which need to be consider while designing scaffold for
bone tissue. The microscopic analysis of bone represents that bone is constituted of a
dense shell of cortical bone to support and protection. The interior of bone is made up
of porous cancellous bone which optimises weight transfer and minimise the friction
at the articulating joints. The mineral phase present in the bone is responsible for
the stiffness of the bone. This arrangement of the ordered organisation makes bone
enables for the superior mechanical properties to those of its single components. Thus
researchers need extensive study to develop a strategy for recovery and regeneration
of the bone tissue mimicking this ordered organisation.
Biomaterials for bone regeneration should be biocompatible, biodegradable substances that support cell attachment, spread, proliferate (osteoconductive), and control cell differentiation into osteogenic lineages. Various materials has been used for
the preparation of scaffolds recovery and regeneration [71].
Miscellaneous materials which resemble the host environment for regeneration
of the damaged bone tissue are being researched and developed. The materials primarily focussed as biomaterials for bone tissue engineering include (i) bio-ceramic
materials which show high compression ability, osteo-conductivity, containing bone
integrating chemicals constitution of hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate; (ii)
natural polymers like collagens, fibrin, elastin, alginate, hyaluronic acid are used
in clinical trials due to the their intrinsic bio-compatibility and negligible adverse
immunological reaction; (iii) synthetic polymers and their modification based on