Advances of Textiles in Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
171
total volume of medical textiles i.e. 15.38% globally in 2018 and expected to reach
491.8 k tons by 2015. The typical applications of woven fabrics are hospital and
surgical clothing, wound contact layer, bandages and artificial tendons. The manufacturing process of woven fabric is economical and requires less trained labour as
compare to other fabric manufacturing processes thus expecting growth in demand.
The knitted fabric was valued USD 2130.1 millions in 2018 in terms of revenue,
expecting good rate of growth over the forecast period. Application of knitted fabric
in medical fields are in implantable devices, surgical mesh, hernia repair prolapsed
devices, surgery meshes in reconstructive or cosmetic surgery [2].
3 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Textiles
The advancement in this technological world has enabled us to engineer the tissue,
cartilages, bones, nerves, skin which are damaged or not reusable. These damages can
be recovered by replacing them with artificially engineered tissues. The engineering
of these tissues is a compound process. The process requires the contribution of
engineering field along with biology and medicine. The textile discipline plays very
important role in the tissue engineering.
Tissue engineering can be explained as the generation of three dimensional (3D)
artificial tissues. This 3D material help in the regeneration of body tissue and the
development of cell based substitute in order to restore or reconstruct the damaged
or improve tissue functions in human body. The replacement is done today predominantly by organs or tissues of donating person. The donors available for the required
organs are very limited. Also the response of the immune system of the patient to the
donor’s organ is often very critical and the chance of rejection of the donated organ
or tissue by the immune system of the patient is predominant. For these reasons, the
rate of successful implantation of the organ or tissue is very low. The engineering of
the tissues has made it possible to overcome immune system response by using the
cells grown from the host or patient tissue. Also the shortcoming of availability of
donor is addressed by engineering the required tissue.
Engineering of tissues consist of three sections- regenerating the tissues; repairing the damaged tissues by stimulating the tissue at a cell or molecular level and;
replacement of the tissue by a biological substitute that is created in the lab and
implanted to replace the tissue or organ of interest. This engineering includes an
elemental step that is growth of the required tissue in external environment. For the
growth of the required tissue there is need of a structure to provide a support for
growth. This support structure is called as scaffold. The scaffold is known to be as
support for tissue growth or load bearing structures or temporary substrate for cell
adherence. Some structures are also used as permanent reinforcement in the tissue
where they form permanent part of body. These structures provide assistance and
support to cell/tissue in growth till they acquire their original shape and strength.
171
total volume of medical textiles i.e. 15.38% globally in 2018 and expected to reach
491.8 k tons by 2015. The typical applications of woven fabrics are hospital and
surgical clothing, wound contact layer, bandages and artificial tendons. The manufacturing process of woven fabric is economical and requires less trained labour as
compare to other fabric manufacturing processes thus expecting growth in demand.
The knitted fabric was valued USD 2130.1 millions in 2018 in terms of revenue,
expecting good rate of growth over the forecast period. Application of knitted fabric
in medical fields are in implantable devices, surgical mesh, hernia repair prolapsed
devices, surgery meshes in reconstructive or cosmetic surgery [2].
3 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Textiles
The advancement in this technological world has enabled us to engineer the tissue,
cartilages, bones, nerves, skin which are damaged or not reusable. These damages can
be recovered by replacing them with artificially engineered tissues. The engineering
of these tissues is a compound process. The process requires the contribution of
engineering field along with biology and medicine. The textile discipline plays very
important role in the tissue engineering.
Tissue engineering can be explained as the generation of three dimensional (3D)
artificial tissues. This 3D material help in the regeneration of body tissue and the
development of cell based substitute in order to restore or reconstruct the damaged
or improve tissue functions in human body. The replacement is done today predominantly by organs or tissues of donating person. The donors available for the required
organs are very limited. Also the response of the immune system of the patient to the
donor’s organ is often very critical and the chance of rejection of the donated organ
or tissue by the immune system of the patient is predominant. For these reasons, the
rate of successful implantation of the organ or tissue is very low. The engineering of
the tissues has made it possible to overcome immune system response by using the
cells grown from the host or patient tissue. Also the shortcoming of availability of
donor is addressed by engineering the required tissue.
Engineering of tissues consist of three sections- regenerating the tissues; repairing the damaged tissues by stimulating the tissue at a cell or molecular level and;
replacement of the tissue by a biological substitute that is created in the lab and
implanted to replace the tissue or organ of interest. This engineering includes an
elemental step that is growth of the required tissue in external environment. For the
growth of the required tissue there is need of a structure to provide a support for
growth. This support structure is called as scaffold. The scaffold is known to be as
support for tissue growth or load bearing structures or temporary substrate for cell
adherence. Some structures are also used as permanent reinforcement in the tissue
where they form permanent part of body. These structures provide assistance and
support to cell/tissue in growth till they acquire their original shape and strength.