Recent Advances in Development of Antimicrobial Textiles
153
Fig. 15 Chemical structure
of nimbin (active limonoids
present in neem giving
antimicrobial property)
O
O
H
O
H
O
O
O
O
O
O
growth of different bacterial strains, and currently many researches have been trying
to impart antibacterial characteristic to textiles by using it alone or in combination
with other organic and inorganic materials. Direct application of Neem oil and extract
or in the form of microencapsulation it has been applied onto textile by pad-dry-cure
method and by exhaust method. It was investigated by Ganesan and Vardhini [137]
that the microencapsulation technique is more durable than direct method of application of an extract. And the functionality of fabric against bacteria (S. aureus and
E. coli) would be more for longer time period in case of microencapsulation up to
15 washing cycles.
Blend of cotton/polyester textiles was applied with Neem seed extract by using
cross-linker glyoxal/glycol to investigate its efficiency against Bacillus subtilis and
Proteus vulgaris bacteria by Joshi et al. [39]. Quantitative antibacterial analysis
showed that antibacterial activity was higher for Bacillus subtilis than Proteus vulgaris. 90% growth inhibition was observed for treated textiles. They conducted
similar study, in which Neem bark and seed extract was applied on textile with
a crosslinker using microwave cure method. It was investigated that seed extract
treated textile was more durable than bark extract treated textile without significant
change in mechanical properties [138].
The materials at nano scale show better results because of their larger surface
area and higher surface energy leading to better adhesion with the textile substrate
increasing the durability for longer functionality. In another study, nanocomposite
of Neem and chitosan was developed by emulsion and solvent evaporation method
and applied on cotton fabric for protective clothing. The spherical shaped nanocomposite of Neem and chitosan with size 50–200 nm exhibited excellent antibacterial
activity against bacteria which was higher than alone Neem and chitosan [139].
Another researcher condensed extracted Neem oil into micro and nano Neem oil by
using different emulsifier and then applied on textile. The developed textiles showed
tremendous antimicrobial activity against bacteria image [140]. The antibacterial
activity of could be enhanced by developing composite finish of different organic
153
Fig. 15 Chemical structure
of nimbin (active limonoids
present in neem giving
antimicrobial property)
O
O
H
O
H
O
O
O
O
O
O
growth of different bacterial strains, and currently many researches have been trying
to impart antibacterial characteristic to textiles by using it alone or in combination
with other organic and inorganic materials. Direct application of Neem oil and extract
or in the form of microencapsulation it has been applied onto textile by pad-dry-cure
method and by exhaust method. It was investigated by Ganesan and Vardhini [137]
that the microencapsulation technique is more durable than direct method of application of an extract. And the functionality of fabric against bacteria (S. aureus and
E. coli) would be more for longer time period in case of microencapsulation up to
15 washing cycles.
Blend of cotton/polyester textiles was applied with Neem seed extract by using
cross-linker glyoxal/glycol to investigate its efficiency against Bacillus subtilis and
Proteus vulgaris bacteria by Joshi et al. [39]. Quantitative antibacterial analysis
showed that antibacterial activity was higher for Bacillus subtilis than Proteus vulgaris. 90% growth inhibition was observed for treated textiles. They conducted
similar study, in which Neem bark and seed extract was applied on textile with
a crosslinker using microwave cure method. It was investigated that seed extract
treated textile was more durable than bark extract treated textile without significant
change in mechanical properties [138].
The materials at nano scale show better results because of their larger surface
area and higher surface energy leading to better adhesion with the textile substrate
increasing the durability for longer functionality. In another study, nanocomposite
of Neem and chitosan was developed by emulsion and solvent evaporation method
and applied on cotton fabric for protective clothing. The spherical shaped nanocomposite of Neem and chitosan with size 50–200 nm exhibited excellent antibacterial
activity against bacteria which was higher than alone Neem and chitosan [139].
Another researcher condensed extracted Neem oil into micro and nano Neem oil by
using different emulsifier and then applied on textile. The developed textiles showed
tremendous antimicrobial activity against bacteria image [140]. The antibacterial
activity of could be enhanced by developing composite finish of different organic