1.4 Development of Soft Nanocomposite
11
road surface. Here, wear of the tire is necessary but negative for tire itself. Interestingly, frictional wear of the top tread tire rubber has reported that CB compounding
has decreased the wear to one-tenth [48]. In addition, an amorphous rubber affords
isotropic materials, which is damaged by mixing with fiber material. The isotropic
nature of the rubber composites is not much influenced by the particulate fillers, on
the other hand. Therefore, rubber composites of particulate fillers are highlighted in
this book.
Of course, reinforcement of rubber by fiber is mechanically crucial for some of the
rubber products, but this type of reinforcement is to be treated separately. Fortunately,
an excellent book on this line is recently published: See Ref. [49], which affords the
most recent details of tire technology from the viewpoint of mechanical engineering.
References
1. S. Kohjiya, Natural Rubber: From the Odyssey of the Hevea Tree to the Transportation Age
(Smithers Rapra, Shrewsbury, 2015)
2. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (eds.), Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber
(Woodhead/Elsevier, Cambridge, 2014)
3. Y. Ikeda, A. Kato, S. Kohjiya, Y. Nakajima, Rubber Science: A Modern Approach (Springer,
Singapore, 2017)
4. L. Bateman (ed.), The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber-Like Substances (Maclaren & Sons,
London, UK, 1963)
5. G. Kraus (ed.), Reinforcement of Elastomers (Interscience, New York, 1965)
6. H. Long (ed.), Basic Compounding and Processing of Rubber (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1985)
7. W. Hoffmann, translated into English by R. Bauer, E.A. Meinecke, Rubber Technology Handbook (Hanser, Munich, 1989) [Original German edition was published in 1980 by Gentner
Verlag, Stuttgart]
8. A.D. Roberts (ed.), Natural Rubber Science and Technology (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
UK, 1988)
9. M. Morton (ed.), Rubber Technology, 3rd edn. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1995)
10. B. Rodgers (ed.), Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications (Marcel Dekker, New
York, 2004)
11. J.E. Mark, B. Erman, C.M. Roland (eds.), The Science and Technology of Rubber, 4th edn.
(Academic Press, Waltham, MA, 2013) [This book and Ref. 7 have compiled much of the
traditional ideas and/or results on rubbers from engineering and chemical viewpoints]
12. A. Kato, A. Tohsan, S. Kohjiya, T. Phakkeeree, P. Phinyocheep, Y. Ikeda, in Progress in Rubber
Nanocomposites, Chap. 12, ed. by S. Thomas, H.J. Maria (Woodhead/Elsevier, Duxford, 2017)
13. H.J. Stern, in Vignettes from the International Rubber Science Hall of Fame (1958–1988): 36
Major Contributors to Rubber Science, ed. by B.N. Zimmerman (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1989), pp. 193–197
14. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda, in Solid State Ionics for Batteries, Chap. 6, ed. by T. Minami, M.
Tatsumisago, M. Iwakura, S. Kohjiya, I. Tanaka (Springer, Tokyo, 2005)
15. K.C. Baranwal, in Vignettes from the International Rubber Science Hall of Fame (1958–1988):
36 Major Contributors to Rubber Science, ed. by B.N. Zimmerman (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1989), pp. 170–177
16. Y. Ikeda, Y. Yasuda, T. Ohashi, H. Yokoyama, S. Minoda, H. Kobayashi, T. Honma,
Macromolecules 48, 462 (2015)
17. Y. Ikeda, H. Kobayashi, S. Kohjiya, Kagaku 70, 27 (2015) (in Japanese)
11
road surface. Here, wear of the tire is necessary but negative for tire itself. Interestingly, frictional wear of the top tread tire rubber has reported that CB compounding
has decreased the wear to one-tenth [48]. In addition, an amorphous rubber affords
isotropic materials, which is damaged by mixing with fiber material. The isotropic
nature of the rubber composites is not much influenced by the particulate fillers, on
the other hand. Therefore, rubber composites of particulate fillers are highlighted in
this book.
Of course, reinforcement of rubber by fiber is mechanically crucial for some of the
rubber products, but this type of reinforcement is to be treated separately. Fortunately,
an excellent book on this line is recently published: See Ref. [49], which affords the
most recent details of tire technology from the viewpoint of mechanical engineering.
References
1. S. Kohjiya, Natural Rubber: From the Odyssey of the Hevea Tree to the Transportation Age
(Smithers Rapra, Shrewsbury, 2015)
2. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (eds.), Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber
(Woodhead/Elsevier, Cambridge, 2014)
3. Y. Ikeda, A. Kato, S. Kohjiya, Y. Nakajima, Rubber Science: A Modern Approach (Springer,
Singapore, 2017)
4. L. Bateman (ed.), The Chemistry and Physics of Rubber-Like Substances (Maclaren & Sons,
London, UK, 1963)
5. G. Kraus (ed.), Reinforcement of Elastomers (Interscience, New York, 1965)
6. H. Long (ed.), Basic Compounding and Processing of Rubber (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1985)
7. W. Hoffmann, translated into English by R. Bauer, E.A. Meinecke, Rubber Technology Handbook (Hanser, Munich, 1989) [Original German edition was published in 1980 by Gentner
Verlag, Stuttgart]
8. A.D. Roberts (ed.), Natural Rubber Science and Technology (Oxford University Press, Oxford,
UK, 1988)
9. M. Morton (ed.), Rubber Technology, 3rd edn. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1995)
10. B. Rodgers (ed.), Rubber Compounding: Chemistry and Applications (Marcel Dekker, New
York, 2004)
11. J.E. Mark, B. Erman, C.M. Roland (eds.), The Science and Technology of Rubber, 4th edn.
(Academic Press, Waltham, MA, 2013) [This book and Ref. 7 have compiled much of the
traditional ideas and/or results on rubbers from engineering and chemical viewpoints]
12. A. Kato, A. Tohsan, S. Kohjiya, T. Phakkeeree, P. Phinyocheep, Y. Ikeda, in Progress in Rubber
Nanocomposites, Chap. 12, ed. by S. Thomas, H.J. Maria (Woodhead/Elsevier, Duxford, 2017)
13. H.J. Stern, in Vignettes from the International Rubber Science Hall of Fame (1958–1988): 36
Major Contributors to Rubber Science, ed. by B.N. Zimmerman (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1989), pp. 193–197
14. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda, in Solid State Ionics for Batteries, Chap. 6, ed. by T. Minami, M.
Tatsumisago, M. Iwakura, S. Kohjiya, I. Tanaka (Springer, Tokyo, 2005)
15. K.C. Baranwal, in Vignettes from the International Rubber Science Hall of Fame (1958–1988):
36 Major Contributors to Rubber Science, ed. by B.N. Zimmerman (Rubber Division, American
Chemical Society, Akron, 1989), pp. 170–177
16. Y. Ikeda, Y. Yasuda, T. Ohashi, H. Yokoyama, S. Minoda, H. Kobayashi, T. Honma,
Macromolecules 48, 462 (2015)
17. Y. Ikeda, H. Kobayashi, S. Kohjiya, Kagaku 70, 27 (2015) (in Japanese)