8
1 Rubbery Materials and Soft Nanocomposites
Chap. 1 Network Theories of Reinforcement, F. Bueche
Chap. 2 Mechanism of Tearing and Abrasion of Reinforced Elastomers, S. D.
Gehman
Chap. 3 Dynamic Properties of Filler-Loaded Rubbers, A. R. Payne
Chap. 4 Interactions between Elastomers and Reinforcing Fillers, G. Kraus
Chap. 5 The Nature of Polymer-Filler Attachments, J. Rehner, Jr.
Chap. 6 Microscopy in the Study of Elastomer Reinforcement by Pigment Fillers,
W. M. Hess
Chap. 7 Rheological Behavior of Filler-Reinforced Compounds, C. C. McCabe
Chap. 8 Chemical Interaction of Fillers and Rubbers during Cold Milling, W. F.
Watson
Chap. 9 Promoters of Filler Reinforcement, J. O. Harris and R. W. Wise
Chap. 10 Commercial Manufacture of Carbon Black, O. K. Austin
Chap. 11 Latex Masterbatching, J. H. Carroll and R. N. Cooper
Chap. 12 Compounding with Carbon Black, M. L. Studebaker
Chap. 13 Reinforcing Fine Particle Silicas and Silicates, J. W. Sellers and F. E.
Toodner
Chap. 14 Properties of White Reinforcing Fillers in Elastomers, H. Westlinning and
H. Fleischhauer
Chap. 15 Reinforcement of Rubber by Organic Fillers, O. W. Burke, Jr.
Chap. 16 Reinforcement of Polyethylene by Carbon Black, B. B. Boonstra
Chap. 17 Antioxidant Properties of Carbon Black, W. L. Hawkins and F. H.
Winslow.
1.3 Reinforcement of Cross-Linked Rubber by Particulate
Nanofiller
As mentioned, CB-loaded NR vulcanizate, which was a pioneer of polymer composites, became so popular that it was simply expressed as ‘rubber.’ This situation
began to change, however, during the World War II: Both in USA and in Germany,
mass production of synthetic rubber was established. After the war, a few synthetic
rubbers were commercialized, and among which styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)
became very popular as a rubber component of tires. Utilization of SBR continued
to increase, and CB-loaded SBR vulcanizate was as important as that of NR. Nowadays, ‘rubber’ is a collective noun inclusively expressing NR, SBR, and many other
synthetic rubbers [3, 7, 9, 27].
The growth of SBR was once so great that some rubber people even predicted
the complete substitution of NR by SBR in the near future. When one of the authors
(S. K.) started his study on rubber late in the 1960s, the initial assignments to him
included the synthesis of new rubbers by cationic polymerization technique and a
test of new type SBR. Hence, his career on rubber started by the research on synthetic
rubbers. However, both unique and excellent properties of NR have enabled NR to
1 Rubbery Materials and Soft Nanocomposites
Chap. 1 Network Theories of Reinforcement, F. Bueche
Chap. 2 Mechanism of Tearing and Abrasion of Reinforced Elastomers, S. D.
Gehman
Chap. 3 Dynamic Properties of Filler-Loaded Rubbers, A. R. Payne
Chap. 4 Interactions between Elastomers and Reinforcing Fillers, G. Kraus
Chap. 5 The Nature of Polymer-Filler Attachments, J. Rehner, Jr.
Chap. 6 Microscopy in the Study of Elastomer Reinforcement by Pigment Fillers,
W. M. Hess
Chap. 7 Rheological Behavior of Filler-Reinforced Compounds, C. C. McCabe
Chap. 8 Chemical Interaction of Fillers and Rubbers during Cold Milling, W. F.
Watson
Chap. 9 Promoters of Filler Reinforcement, J. O. Harris and R. W. Wise
Chap. 10 Commercial Manufacture of Carbon Black, O. K. Austin
Chap. 11 Latex Masterbatching, J. H. Carroll and R. N. Cooper
Chap. 12 Compounding with Carbon Black, M. L. Studebaker
Chap. 13 Reinforcing Fine Particle Silicas and Silicates, J. W. Sellers and F. E.
Toodner
Chap. 14 Properties of White Reinforcing Fillers in Elastomers, H. Westlinning and
H. Fleischhauer
Chap. 15 Reinforcement of Rubber by Organic Fillers, O. W. Burke, Jr.
Chap. 16 Reinforcement of Polyethylene by Carbon Black, B. B. Boonstra
Chap. 17 Antioxidant Properties of Carbon Black, W. L. Hawkins and F. H.
Winslow.
1.3 Reinforcement of Cross-Linked Rubber by Particulate
Nanofiller
As mentioned, CB-loaded NR vulcanizate, which was a pioneer of polymer composites, became so popular that it was simply expressed as ‘rubber.’ This situation
began to change, however, during the World War II: Both in USA and in Germany,
mass production of synthetic rubber was established. After the war, a few synthetic
rubbers were commercialized, and among which styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)
became very popular as a rubber component of tires. Utilization of SBR continued
to increase, and CB-loaded SBR vulcanizate was as important as that of NR. Nowadays, ‘rubber’ is a collective noun inclusively expressing NR, SBR, and many other
synthetic rubbers [3, 7, 9, 27].
The growth of SBR was once so great that some rubber people even predicted
the complete substitution of NR by SBR in the near future. When one of the authors
(S. K.) started his study on rubber late in the 1960s, the initial assignments to him
included the synthesis of new rubbers by cationic polymerization technique and a
test of new type SBR. Hence, his career on rubber started by the research on synthetic
rubbers. However, both unique and excellent properties of NR have enabled NR to