8.3 Self-Reinforcement Behavior of NR
161
the study on polymer crystallization, by reporting the maximum rate of crystallization
(LTC of NR) at −25 ˚C as shown in Fig. 8.1. This figure has been cited in many
textbooks as one of the most important results of polymer crystallization in general
[32, 33]. Note that the crystallization of NR in Fig. 8.1 is LTC, which is comfortably
within the category of polymer crystallization in general. Among the reason for the
relative scarcity of LTC study of NR, there might have been economic/social effects
of LTC: LTC is simply a nuisance in manufacturing and utilizing the NR products [1,
7, 28, 29, 38–42, 129] with an exception of the rubber adhesives (which is technically
a NR solution), as noted in Sect. 8.1.
Under such historical backgrounds, we have initiated studies on SIC of NR, taking
advantage of using synchrotron facilities, with more or less competition and cooperation with a few other research groups in the 1990s. In the twenty-first century, the
resultant concurrent avalanche of scientific reports on SIC of NR is observed, which
may be an extraordinary phenomenon in the field of rubber science. The objectives of
this chapter include both warning to and encouragement on researching NR crystallization, highlighting SIC in particular, when confronting the avalanche of exciting
relevant publications.
References
1. Y. Ikeda, A. Kato, S. Kohjiya, Y. Nakajima, Rubber Science: A Modern Approach (Springer
Nature, Singapore, 2018)
2. S. Kohjiya,Gomuzairyokagaku Joronn (Nihon Valqua Co., Tokyo, 1995) (In Japanese)
3. T. Minami, M. Tatsumisago, M. Wakihara, C. Iwakura, S. Kohjiya, I. Tanaka (eds.), Solid
State Ionics for Batteries, Chap. 6 (Springer, Tokyo, 2005)
4. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda, Recent Res. Dev. Electrochem. 4, 99 (2001)
5. Y. Tanaka, Rubber Chem. Technol. 74, 355 (2001)
6. S. Kohjiya, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 88, 18, 93 (2015) (in Japanese)
7. Y. Ikeda, A. Tohsan, S. Kohjiya, Sustainable Development: Processes, Challenges and
Prospects, Chap. 3, ed. by D. Reyes (Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2015)
8. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (eds.), Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, ed.
by S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (Woodhead/Elsevier, Cambridge, 2014)
9. S. Kohjiya, Natural Rubber: From the Odyssey of the Hevea Tree to the Transportation Age
(Smithers Rapra, Shrewsbury, 2015)
10. A.H. Tullo, Chem. Eng. News, 20(18) (2015)
11. G.G. Lowry (eds.), Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Calculations in Polymer Science (Marcel
Dekker, New York, 1970)
12. R.-J. Roe, Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science (Oxford University
Press, New York, 2000)
13. S.D. Gehman, Chem. Rev. 26, 203 (1940)
14. L. Mandelkern, Rubber Chem. Technol. 66, G61 (1994)
15. F.W. Billmeyer Jr, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd edn., (Wiley, New York, 1984)
16. B. Erman, J.E. Mark, Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks (Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1997)
17. T. Kawamura, K. Urayama, S. Kohjiya, Macromolecules 34, 8252 (2001)
18. K. Urayama, T. Kawamura, S. Kohjiya, Macromolecules 34, 8261 (2001)
19. T. Kawamura, K. Urayama, S. Kohjiya, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 40, 2780 (2002)
20. K. Urayama, T. Kawamura, S. Kohjiya, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5658 (2003)
161
the study on polymer crystallization, by reporting the maximum rate of crystallization
(LTC of NR) at −25 ˚C as shown in Fig. 8.1. This figure has been cited in many
textbooks as one of the most important results of polymer crystallization in general
[32, 33]. Note that the crystallization of NR in Fig. 8.1 is LTC, which is comfortably
within the category of polymer crystallization in general. Among the reason for the
relative scarcity of LTC study of NR, there might have been economic/social effects
of LTC: LTC is simply a nuisance in manufacturing and utilizing the NR products [1,
7, 28, 29, 38–42, 129] with an exception of the rubber adhesives (which is technically
a NR solution), as noted in Sect. 8.1.
Under such historical backgrounds, we have initiated studies on SIC of NR, taking
advantage of using synchrotron facilities, with more or less competition and cooperation with a few other research groups in the 1990s. In the twenty-first century, the
resultant concurrent avalanche of scientific reports on SIC of NR is observed, which
may be an extraordinary phenomenon in the field of rubber science. The objectives of
this chapter include both warning to and encouragement on researching NR crystallization, highlighting SIC in particular, when confronting the avalanche of exciting
relevant publications.
References
1. Y. Ikeda, A. Kato, S. Kohjiya, Y. Nakajima, Rubber Science: A Modern Approach (Springer
Nature, Singapore, 2018)
2. S. Kohjiya,Gomuzairyokagaku Joronn (Nihon Valqua Co., Tokyo, 1995) (In Japanese)
3. T. Minami, M. Tatsumisago, M. Wakihara, C. Iwakura, S. Kohjiya, I. Tanaka (eds.), Solid
State Ionics for Batteries, Chap. 6 (Springer, Tokyo, 2005)
4. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda, Recent Res. Dev. Electrochem. 4, 99 (2001)
5. Y. Tanaka, Rubber Chem. Technol. 74, 355 (2001)
6. S. Kohjiya, Nippon Gomu Kyokaishi 88, 18, 93 (2015) (in Japanese)
7. Y. Ikeda, A. Tohsan, S. Kohjiya, Sustainable Development: Processes, Challenges and
Prospects, Chap. 3, ed. by D. Reyes (Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2015)
8. S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (eds.), Chemistry, Manufacture and Applications of Natural Rubber, ed.
by S. Kohjiya, Y. Ikeda (Woodhead/Elsevier, Cambridge, 2014)
9. S. Kohjiya, Natural Rubber: From the Odyssey of the Hevea Tree to the Transportation Age
(Smithers Rapra, Shrewsbury, 2015)
10. A.H. Tullo, Chem. Eng. News, 20(18) (2015)
11. G.G. Lowry (eds.), Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Calculations in Polymer Science (Marcel
Dekker, New York, 1970)
12. R.-J. Roe, Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science (Oxford University
Press, New York, 2000)
13. S.D. Gehman, Chem. Rev. 26, 203 (1940)
14. L. Mandelkern, Rubber Chem. Technol. 66, G61 (1994)
15. F.W. Billmeyer Jr, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd edn., (Wiley, New York, 1984)
16. B. Erman, J.E. Mark, Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks (Oxford University
Press, Oxford, 1997)
17. T. Kawamura, K. Urayama, S. Kohjiya, Macromolecules 34, 8252 (2001)
18. K. Urayama, T. Kawamura, S. Kohjiya, Macromolecules 34, 8261 (2001)
19. T. Kawamura, K. Urayama, S. Kohjiya, J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 40, 2780 (2002)
20. K. Urayama, T. Kawamura, S. Kohjiya, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5658 (2003)