Highly Flame-Retardant Liquid Crystalline
Polymers
20
Li Chen and Yu-Zhong Wang
Contents
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and In Situ Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Molecular Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
In Situ Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers with High Flame Retardance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Side-Group Phosphorus-Containing TLCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 555
Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing TLCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Conclusions and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Abstract
The flame retardation for polymer materials can be easily achieved by blending
small-molecular flame retardants. However, traditional small molecule flame
retardants exhibit potential drawbacks during application, including migration
and blooming of the additives; deterioration of the polymer performance; and
potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT); etc. High molecular
weight polymers have been found to be less accessible by living organisms,
thus have an automatically lower PBT profile than small molecules. As a
typical kind of highly flame-retardant liquid crystalline polymers (LCP),
L. Chen · Y.-Z. Wang (*)
The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials,
National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chengdu, China
e-mail: l.chen.scu@gmail.com; polymers@vip.126.com; yzwang@scu.edu.cn
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Zhu, C. Y. Li (eds.), Liquid Crystalline Polymers, Polymers and Polymeric
Composites: A Reference Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43350-5_55
549
Polymers
20
Li Chen and Yu-Zhong Wang
Contents
Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and In Situ Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers and Molecular Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
In Situ Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers with High Flame Retardance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Side-Group Phosphorus-Containing TLCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 555
Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing TLCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Conclusions and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Abstract
The flame retardation for polymer materials can be easily achieved by blending
small-molecular flame retardants. However, traditional small molecule flame
retardants exhibit potential drawbacks during application, including migration
and blooming of the additives; deterioration of the polymer performance; and
potential persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT); etc. High molecular
weight polymers have been found to be less accessible by living organisms,
thus have an automatically lower PBT profile than small molecules. As a
typical kind of highly flame-retardant liquid crystalline polymers (LCP),
L. Chen · Y.-Z. Wang (*)
The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials,
National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chengdu, China
e-mail: l.chen.scu@gmail.com; polymers@vip.126.com; yzwang@scu.edu.cn
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L. Zhu, C. Y. Li (eds.), Liquid Crystalline Polymers, Polymers and Polymeric
Composites: A Reference Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43350-5_55
549