34. Shakeri M, Tai CW, Göthelid E, Oscarsson S, Bäckvall JE (2011) Small Pd nanoparticles
supported in large pores of mesocellular foam: an excellent catalyst for racemization of
amines. Chemistry–A Eur J 17(47):13269–13273. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20110126
35. Filice M, Marciello M, del Puerto Morales M, Palomo JM (2013) Synthesis of heterogeneous
enzyme–metal nanoparticle biohybrids in aqueous media and their applications in C–C bond
formation and tandem catalysis. Chem Commun 49:6876–6878. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C3CC42475H
36. Engström K, Johnston EV, Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE
(2013) Co-immobilization of an enzyme and a metal into the compartments of mesoporous
silica for cooperative tandem catalysis: an artificial metalloenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed
52:14006–14010. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201306487
37. Verho O, Åkermark T, Johnston EV, Gustafson KPJ, Tai CW, Svengren H, Kärkäs MD,
Bäckvall JE, Åkermark B (2015) Well-defined palladium nanoparticles supported on siliceous
mesocellular foam as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of water. Chem Eur J
21:5909–5915
38. Johnston EV, Verho O, Kärkäs MD, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Palmgren P, Eriksson K,
Oscarsson S, Bäckvall JE (2012) Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles on mesocellular
foam: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for alcohol oxidation. Chem Eur J
18:12202–12206. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201202157
39. Nagendiran A, Pascanu V, Bermejo Gómez A, González Miera G, Tai CW, Verho O,
Martín-Matute B, Bäckvall JE (2016) Mild and selective catalytic hydrogenation of the
C¼C Bond in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using supported palladium nanoparticles.
Chem Eur J 22:7184–7189. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201600878
40. Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Nagendiran A, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE (2014) Mild and
selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds using palladium nanoparticles supported on
amino-functionalized mesocellular foam. ChemCatChem 6:3153–3159. https://doi.org/10.
1002/cctc.201402488
41. Verho O, Nagendiran A, Johnston EV, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE (2012) Nanopalladium on
amino-functionalized mesocellular foam: an efficient catalyst for Suzuki reactions and
transfer hydrogenations. ChemCatChem 5:612–618. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201200247
42. Li MB, Posevins D, Gustafson KPJ, Tai CW, Shchukarev A, Qiu Y, Bäckvall JE (2019)
Diastereoselective cyclobutenol synthesis: a heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed oxidative
carbocyclization-borylation of enallenols. Chem Eur J 25:210–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/
chem.201805118
43. Deiana L, Jiang Y, Palo-Nieto C, Afewerki S, Incerti-Pradillos CA, Verho O, Tai CW,
Johnston EV, Córdova A (2014) Combined heterogeneous metal/chiral amine: multiple
relay catalysis for versatile eco-friendly synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3447–3451.
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201310216
44. Bratt E, Verho O, Johansson MJ, Bäckvall JE (2014) A general Suzuki cross-coupling
reaction of heteroaromatics catalyzed by nanopalladium on amino-functionalized siliceous
mesocellular foam. J Org Chem 79:3946–3954. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo500409r
45. Gustafson KPJ, Görbe T, de Gonzalo-Calvo G, Yuan N, Schreiber CL, Shchukarev A, Tai
CW, Persson I, Zou X, Bäckvall JE (2019) Chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of
primary benzylic amines using Pd
0
-CalB CLEA as a biohybrid catalyst. Chem Eur J
25:9174–9179. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901418
46. Görbe T, Gustafson KPJ, Verho O, Kervefors G, Zheng H, Zou X, Johnston EV, Bäckvall JE
(2017) Design of a Pd(0)-CalB CLEA biohybrid catalyst and its application in a one-pot
cascade reaction. ACS Catalysis 7(3):1601–1605. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b03481
47. Sheldon RA (2011) Cross-linked enzyme aggregates as industrial biocatalysts. Org Process
Res Dev 15:213–223. https://doi.org/10.1021/op100289f
48. Zhang X, Jing L, Chang F, Chen S, Yang H, Yang Q (2017) Positional immobilization of Pd
nanoparticles and enzymes in hierarchical yolk-shell@shell nanoreactors for tandem catalysis.
Chem Commun 53:7780–7783. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC03177G
272
O. Verho and J.-E. Bäckvall
supported in large pores of mesocellular foam: an excellent catalyst for racemization of
amines. Chemistry–A Eur J 17(47):13269–13273. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.20110126
35. Filice M, Marciello M, del Puerto Morales M, Palomo JM (2013) Synthesis of heterogeneous
enzyme–metal nanoparticle biohybrids in aqueous media and their applications in C–C bond
formation and tandem catalysis. Chem Commun 49:6876–6878. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C3CC42475H
36. Engström K, Johnston EV, Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE
(2013) Co-immobilization of an enzyme and a metal into the compartments of mesoporous
silica for cooperative tandem catalysis: an artificial metalloenzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed
52:14006–14010. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201306487
37. Verho O, Åkermark T, Johnston EV, Gustafson KPJ, Tai CW, Svengren H, Kärkäs MD,
Bäckvall JE, Åkermark B (2015) Well-defined palladium nanoparticles supported on siliceous
mesocellular foam as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of water. Chem Eur J
21:5909–5915
38. Johnston EV, Verho O, Kärkäs MD, Shakeri M, Tai CW, Palmgren P, Eriksson K,
Oscarsson S, Bäckvall JE (2012) Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles on mesocellular
foam: an efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for alcohol oxidation. Chem Eur J
18:12202–12206. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201202157
39. Nagendiran A, Pascanu V, Bermejo Gómez A, González Miera G, Tai CW, Verho O,
Martín-Matute B, Bäckvall JE (2016) Mild and selective catalytic hydrogenation of the
C¼C Bond in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using supported palladium nanoparticles.
Chem Eur J 22:7184–7189. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201600878
40. Verho O, Gustafson KPJ, Nagendiran A, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE (2014) Mild and
selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds using palladium nanoparticles supported on
amino-functionalized mesocellular foam. ChemCatChem 6:3153–3159. https://doi.org/10.
1002/cctc.201402488
41. Verho O, Nagendiran A, Johnston EV, Tai CW, Bäckvall JE (2012) Nanopalladium on
amino-functionalized mesocellular foam: an efficient catalyst for Suzuki reactions and
transfer hydrogenations. ChemCatChem 5:612–618. https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201200247
42. Li MB, Posevins D, Gustafson KPJ, Tai CW, Shchukarev A, Qiu Y, Bäckvall JE (2019)
Diastereoselective cyclobutenol synthesis: a heterogeneous palladium-catalyzed oxidative
carbocyclization-borylation of enallenols. Chem Eur J 25:210–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/
chem.201805118
43. Deiana L, Jiang Y, Palo-Nieto C, Afewerki S, Incerti-Pradillos CA, Verho O, Tai CW,
Johnston EV, Córdova A (2014) Combined heterogeneous metal/chiral amine: multiple
relay catalysis for versatile eco-friendly synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:3447–3451.
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201310216
44. Bratt E, Verho O, Johansson MJ, Bäckvall JE (2014) A general Suzuki cross-coupling
reaction of heteroaromatics catalyzed by nanopalladium on amino-functionalized siliceous
mesocellular foam. J Org Chem 79:3946–3954. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo500409r
45. Gustafson KPJ, Görbe T, de Gonzalo-Calvo G, Yuan N, Schreiber CL, Shchukarev A, Tai
CW, Persson I, Zou X, Bäckvall JE (2019) Chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of
primary benzylic amines using Pd
0
-CalB CLEA as a biohybrid catalyst. Chem Eur J
25:9174–9179. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201901418
46. Görbe T, Gustafson KPJ, Verho O, Kervefors G, Zheng H, Zou X, Johnston EV, Bäckvall JE
(2017) Design of a Pd(0)-CalB CLEA biohybrid catalyst and its application in a one-pot
cascade reaction. ACS Catalysis 7(3):1601–1605. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b03481
47. Sheldon RA (2011) Cross-linked enzyme aggregates as industrial biocatalysts. Org Process
Res Dev 15:213–223. https://doi.org/10.1021/op100289f
48. Zhang X, Jing L, Chang F, Chen S, Yang H, Yang Q (2017) Positional immobilization of Pd
nanoparticles and enzymes in hierarchical yolk-shell@shell nanoreactors for tandem catalysis.
Chem Commun 53:7780–7783. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC03177G
272
O. Verho and J.-E. Bäckvall