Top Organomet Chem (2020) 66: 131–170
DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_37
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Published online: 8 August 2020
Precise Synthesis of Nanoparticles
and Their Catalytic Behavior
Makoto Tanabe and Kimihisa Yamamoto
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
2 Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3 Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4 Click (Triazolyl) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5 Polybenzyl Ethers (Fréchet-Type) Dendrimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6 Dendritic Poly(phenylazomethnine) (DPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 151
7 Bimetallic and Multimetallic Catalysts Within Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Abstract This review provides a summary of the main concepts employed to
prepare nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters encapsulated by dendrimers, their catalytic
applications, and interesting research and trends in this field. Dendrimers not only
serve as synthesis templates for the preparation of NPs but also stabilize the NPs
against leaching and aggregation, which makes it possible to tune the functionality
of the peripheral groups and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses. In particular, π-conjugated dendrimers, referred to as dendritic poly
(phenylazomethine)s (DPA), are regarded as reactors for synthesizing sub-nanoscale
clusters with atomic-level precision, even using different elements. This new synthesis technology has significant potentials for enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts.
M. Tanabe and K. Yamamoto (*)
Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
ERATO-JST Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama,
Japan
e-mail: yamamoto@res.titech.ac.jp
DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_37
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Published online: 8 August 2020
Precise Synthesis of Nanoparticles
and Their Catalytic Behavior
Makoto Tanabe and Kimihisa Yamamoto
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
2 Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3 Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
4 Click (Triazolyl) Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5 Polybenzyl Ethers (Fréchet-Type) Dendrimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
6 Dendritic Poly(phenylazomethnine) (DPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 151
7 Bimetallic and Multimetallic Catalysts Within Dendrimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
8 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Abstract This review provides a summary of the main concepts employed to
prepare nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters encapsulated by dendrimers, their catalytic
applications, and interesting research and trends in this field. Dendrimers not only
serve as synthesis templates for the preparation of NPs but also stabilize the NPs
against leaching and aggregation, which makes it possible to tune the functionality
of the peripheral groups and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses. In particular, π-conjugated dendrimers, referred to as dendritic poly
(phenylazomethine)s (DPA), are regarded as reactors for synthesizing sub-nanoscale
clusters with atomic-level precision, even using different elements. This new synthesis technology has significant potentials for enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts.
M. Tanabe and K. Yamamoto (*)
Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
ERATO-JST Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama,
Japan
e-mail: yamamoto@res.titech.ac.jp