adsorbent and vice versa. Thus, adapting the adsorbents to the evolution of the
adsorption technology seems essential to improve the efficiency of the processes.
For example, the development of rapid PSA cycles [61] or the development of new
adsorber designs can be mentioned [62]. In the same direction, the development of
hybrid methodologies coupling adsorption with reaction or membrane separation
opens room for the development of new zeolitic adsorbents allowing to serve new
markets.
We have also mentioned that the development of hierarchical zeolites is a
booming research field. However, in many cases a more rigorous analysis of the
relation between the hierarchization and the improvement (or not) of transport
properties is still needed [63]. Moreover, hierarchization necessarily creates more
non-micropore surface area. The chemical nature of this surface area [64] and its
behavior with respect to adsorption is still poorly understood and merits further
investigation. Last but not least, one can also observe that non-negligible efforts are
necessary to transpose hierarchization protocols that were developed in academia to
industrially viable production processes [65, 66].
References
1. Jansheka H, Inoguchi Y, Greiner E (2013) Chemical economics handbook zeolites. IHS
Chemical
2. Baerlocher C, McCusker LB. Database of zeolite structures. [Online] http://www.iza-structure.
org/databases/
3. Foster MD et al (2006) A geometric solution to the largest-free-sphere problem in zeolite
frameworks. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 90:32–38
4. Leflaive T, Frising P (2007) Extraframework cation distributions in X and Y faujasite zeolites: a
review. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 114:27–63
5. Ogawa T, Iyoki K, Fukushima T, Kajikawa Y (2017) Landscape of research areas for zeolites
and metal-organic frameworks using computational classification based on citation networks.
Materials 10(12):1428
6. Breck DW (1973) Zeolite molecular sieves, structure, chemistry and use. Wiley, New York
7. Lively RP, Realff MJ (2016) On thermodynamic separation efficiency:adsorption processes.
AICHE J 62:3699
8. Cussler EL, Dutta BK (2012) On separation efficiency. AICHE J 58:3825
9. Sircar S (2000) Publications on Adsorption Science and Technology. vol 6, pp 359–365
10. Ausikaitis JP (1983) U.S. Patent 4,373,935
11. Sircar TC, Rao S, Golden MB (1999) Adsorption and its applications in industry and environmental protection, vol 1. Elsevier, New York
12. Alavandi S, Seaba J, Subbaraman G (2018) Emerging and existing oxygen production technology scan and evaluation. Gas Technol Inst:22164
13. Auerbach SM, Carrado KA, Dutta AK (eds) (2003) Handbook of zeolite science and technology. CRC, Boca Raton
14. Backs MS, Notaro F. PSA process and system. EP0923976A1 Europe
15. Fuderer A, Rudelstorfer E. Selective adsorption processes. US3986849
16. Ritter JA, Ebner AD (2007) State-of-the-art adsorption and membrane separation processes for
hydrogen production in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Sep Sci Technol
42:1123–1193
Industrial Zeolite Applications for Gas Adsorption and Separation Processes
223
adsorption technology seems essential to improve the efficiency of the processes.
For example, the development of rapid PSA cycles [61] or the development of new
adsorber designs can be mentioned [62]. In the same direction, the development of
hybrid methodologies coupling adsorption with reaction or membrane separation
opens room for the development of new zeolitic adsorbents allowing to serve new
markets.
We have also mentioned that the development of hierarchical zeolites is a
booming research field. However, in many cases a more rigorous analysis of the
relation between the hierarchization and the improvement (or not) of transport
properties is still needed [63]. Moreover, hierarchization necessarily creates more
non-micropore surface area. The chemical nature of this surface area [64] and its
behavior with respect to adsorption is still poorly understood and merits further
investigation. Last but not least, one can also observe that non-negligible efforts are
necessary to transpose hierarchization protocols that were developed in academia to
industrially viable production processes [65, 66].
References
1. Jansheka H, Inoguchi Y, Greiner E (2013) Chemical economics handbook zeolites. IHS
Chemical
2. Baerlocher C, McCusker LB. Database of zeolite structures. [Online] http://www.iza-structure.
org/databases/
3. Foster MD et al (2006) A geometric solution to the largest-free-sphere problem in zeolite
frameworks. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 90:32–38
4. Leflaive T, Frising P (2007) Extraframework cation distributions in X and Y faujasite zeolites: a
review. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 114:27–63
5. Ogawa T, Iyoki K, Fukushima T, Kajikawa Y (2017) Landscape of research areas for zeolites
and metal-organic frameworks using computational classification based on citation networks.
Materials 10(12):1428
6. Breck DW (1973) Zeolite molecular sieves, structure, chemistry and use. Wiley, New York
7. Lively RP, Realff MJ (2016) On thermodynamic separation efficiency:adsorption processes.
AICHE J 62:3699
8. Cussler EL, Dutta BK (2012) On separation efficiency. AICHE J 58:3825
9. Sircar S (2000) Publications on Adsorption Science and Technology. vol 6, pp 359–365
10. Ausikaitis JP (1983) U.S. Patent 4,373,935
11. Sircar TC, Rao S, Golden MB (1999) Adsorption and its applications in industry and environmental protection, vol 1. Elsevier, New York
12. Alavandi S, Seaba J, Subbaraman G (2018) Emerging and existing oxygen production technology scan and evaluation. Gas Technol Inst:22164
13. Auerbach SM, Carrado KA, Dutta AK (eds) (2003) Handbook of zeolite science and technology. CRC, Boca Raton
14. Backs MS, Notaro F. PSA process and system. EP0923976A1 Europe
15. Fuderer A, Rudelstorfer E. Selective adsorption processes. US3986849
16. Ritter JA, Ebner AD (2007) State-of-the-art adsorption and membrane separation processes for
hydrogen production in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Sep Sci Technol
42:1123–1193
Industrial Zeolite Applications for Gas Adsorption and Separation Processes
223