Chapter 5
Microalgae Production in Fresh Market
Wastewater and Its Utilization
as a Protein Substitute in Formulated
Fish Feed for Oreochromis Spp.
Nur Diyana Hairuddin, Balkis A. Talip, Neo Zhi Zing,
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi,
Norhayati Muhammad, Norazlin Abdullah, Ernna Erynna Mohd Kahar,
and Shakila Abdullah
Abstract Rapid growing of human population has led to increasing demand of
aquaculture production. Oreochromis niloticus or known as tilapia is one of the
most globally cultured freshwater fish due to its great adaptation towards extreme
environment. Besides, farming of tilapia not only involves small scales farming for
local consumption but also larger scales for international market which contributes
to a foreign currency earning. Extensive use of fishmeal as feed for fish and for
other animals indirectly caused an increasing depletion of the natural resource and
may consequently cause economic and environmental unstable. Microalgae biomass
seems to be a promising feedstock in aquaculture industry. It can be used for many
purposes such as live food for fish larvae and dried microalgae to substitute protein
material in fish feed. The microalgae replacement in fish feed formulation as protein
alternative seem potentially beneficial for long term aqua-business sustainability.
The present chapter discussed the potential of microalgae as an alternative nutrition
in fish feed formulations, specifically Tilapia.
Keywords Aquaculture · Fish feed · Microalgae · Freshwater fish · Tilapia
N. D. Hairuddin · B. A. Talip (B) · N. Z. Zing · N. Muhammad · N. Abdullah · E. E. M. Kahar ·
S. Abdullah
Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Higher Education Hub Pagoh, KM1 Jalan Panchor, 84000 Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
e-mail: balkis@uthm.edu.my
R. M. S. Radin Mohamed · A. A. S. Al-Gheethi
Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. A. S. Al-Gheethi et al. (eds.), Prospects of Fresh Market Wastes Management
in Developing Countries, Water Science and Technology Library 92,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42641-5_5
77
Microalgae Production in Fresh Market
Wastewater and Its Utilization
as a Protein Substitute in Formulated
Fish Feed for Oreochromis Spp.
Nur Diyana Hairuddin, Balkis A. Talip, Neo Zhi Zing,
Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi,
Norhayati Muhammad, Norazlin Abdullah, Ernna Erynna Mohd Kahar,
and Shakila Abdullah
Abstract Rapid growing of human population has led to increasing demand of
aquaculture production. Oreochromis niloticus or known as tilapia is one of the
most globally cultured freshwater fish due to its great adaptation towards extreme
environment. Besides, farming of tilapia not only involves small scales farming for
local consumption but also larger scales for international market which contributes
to a foreign currency earning. Extensive use of fishmeal as feed for fish and for
other animals indirectly caused an increasing depletion of the natural resource and
may consequently cause economic and environmental unstable. Microalgae biomass
seems to be a promising feedstock in aquaculture industry. It can be used for many
purposes such as live food for fish larvae and dried microalgae to substitute protein
material in fish feed. The microalgae replacement in fish feed formulation as protein
alternative seem potentially beneficial for long term aqua-business sustainability.
The present chapter discussed the potential of microalgae as an alternative nutrition
in fish feed formulations, specifically Tilapia.
Keywords Aquaculture · Fish feed · Microalgae · Freshwater fish · Tilapia
N. D. Hairuddin · B. A. Talip (B) · N. Z. Zing · N. Muhammad · N. Abdullah · E. E. M. Kahar ·
S. Abdullah
Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Higher Education Hub Pagoh, KM1 Jalan Panchor, 84000 Panchor, Johor, Malaysia
e-mail: balkis@uthm.edu.my
R. M. S. Radin Mohamed · A. A. S. Al-Gheethi
Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,
86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
A. A. S. Al-Gheethi et al. (eds.), Prospects of Fresh Market Wastes Management
in Developing Countries, Water Science and Technology Library 92,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42641-5_5
77