74
N. M. Jais et al.
Table 4.6 Efficiency removal of organic compound and nutrient using sand filtration treatment
system
Parameter Efficiency removal (%)
Sand filtration Sand filtration with
coconut shell
Sand filtration with
rice husk
Sand filtration with
coconut shell and
rice husk
BOD
41.8
54.1
86.2
69.2
COD
46.7
53.6
84.4
66.8
TSS
0.0
40.5
63.0
32.3
NH 3 −N
43.2
76.1
87.6
81.5
of treatment system is recorded in Table 4.6. The sand filtration with the presence
of rice husk indicates 86.2 and 84.4 % of BOD and COD removal,respectively. It
shows that organic matter from fresh market wastewater was removed. The TSS
and NH 3 −N in wastewater also indicated removal as 63.0 and 87.6 %, respectively.
Overall result is successful in efficiency reduction up to 30 % except TSS using sand
filtration. This study revealed that sand filtration with addition of activated carbon
(rice husk) shows potential in eliminating the amount of organic compound and
nutrients. Therefore, the addition of activated carbon in filtration method can be one
alternative preliminary treatment system for fresh market wastewater.
4.7 Impact and Challenges
The several projects of wastewater treatment system at fresh markets area are still
operating and maintained. The treatment system is still functioning properly and
serves as a significant model. The Muntinlupa market, for example showed an innovative project since the system is underground due to the limited space. The volume
of wastewater treated is also a reasonable sum. The cost of operating and maintaining
is also lower compared to the conventional systems. The treated wastewater usage as
toilet flushing and street cleaning also saves money on water bills. The combination
of aerobic and anaerobic treatment process allows the amount of BOD, COD and
TSS meet to allowable standard after treatment. However, the treatment system still
faces challenges. For example, in Muntinlupa Public Market, several pumps broke
down and need to be replaced which takes time. In San Fernando Public Market,
the treatment system is always and easily clogged with the trash and grease due to
poor design and construction (PEN 2008). Overall, the several wastewater treatment
systems that had done successfully improved the wastewater quality by eliminating
the largest and highest parameter strength of wastewater into important water bodies
such as Jinjang River, Klang River, Bunus River, Gombak River, Pasig River, Laguna
Lake and coastlines in Philippines.
N. M. Jais et al.
Table 4.6 Efficiency removal of organic compound and nutrient using sand filtration treatment
system
Parameter Efficiency removal (%)
Sand filtration Sand filtration with
coconut shell
Sand filtration with
rice husk
Sand filtration with
coconut shell and
rice husk
BOD
41.8
54.1
86.2
69.2
COD
46.7
53.6
84.4
66.8
TSS
0.0
40.5
63.0
32.3
NH 3 −N
43.2
76.1
87.6
81.5
of treatment system is recorded in Table 4.6. The sand filtration with the presence
of rice husk indicates 86.2 and 84.4 % of BOD and COD removal,respectively. It
shows that organic matter from fresh market wastewater was removed. The TSS
and NH 3 −N in wastewater also indicated removal as 63.0 and 87.6 %, respectively.
Overall result is successful in efficiency reduction up to 30 % except TSS using sand
filtration. This study revealed that sand filtration with addition of activated carbon
(rice husk) shows potential in eliminating the amount of organic compound and
nutrients. Therefore, the addition of activated carbon in filtration method can be one
alternative preliminary treatment system for fresh market wastewater.
4.7 Impact and Challenges
The several projects of wastewater treatment system at fresh markets area are still
operating and maintained. The treatment system is still functioning properly and
serves as a significant model. The Muntinlupa market, for example showed an innovative project since the system is underground due to the limited space. The volume
of wastewater treated is also a reasonable sum. The cost of operating and maintaining
is also lower compared to the conventional systems. The treated wastewater usage as
toilet flushing and street cleaning also saves money on water bills. The combination
of aerobic and anaerobic treatment process allows the amount of BOD, COD and
TSS meet to allowable standard after treatment. However, the treatment system still
faces challenges. For example, in Muntinlupa Public Market, several pumps broke
down and need to be replaced which takes time. In San Fernando Public Market,
the treatment system is always and easily clogged with the trash and grease due to
poor design and construction (PEN 2008). Overall, the several wastewater treatment
systems that had done successfully improved the wastewater quality by eliminating
the largest and highest parameter strength of wastewater into important water bodies
such as Jinjang River, Klang River, Bunus River, Gombak River, Pasig River, Laguna
Lake and coastlines in Philippines.