8 Biofilter Aquaponic System for Nutrients …
121
8.3 Aquaponic Biofilter System in Malaysia
The development of aquaculture industry has become a major economic importance worldwide. Aquaculture continues to show increasing production at an average
annual growth rate of 6.1% between 2002 and 2012. The production increased from
36.8 million tonnes in 2002 to 66.6 million tonnes in 2012. Major aquaculture producers in 2012 were China (41.1 million tonnes), India (4.2 million tonnes), Vietnam
(3.1 million tonnes), Indonesia (3.1 million tonnes), Bangladesh, Norway, Thailand,
Chile, Egypt and Myanmar. These producers contributed 88% of the total aquaculture
production worldwide. Aquaculture in Malaysia started in the 1920s with multiple
carp species reared in ex-mining pools. Since then, apart from the crude oil, palm
oil and rubber industries, the aquaculture industry has developed into a profitable
and sustainable industry as shown in Fig. 8.1. It was shown that the total production
of aquaculture in Malaysia in 2016 was 7,110,600 metric tonnes which are seaweed
dominant with total production approximately 3,300,000 metric tonnes. However,
the freshwater species showed to increase in total production from 2014 to 2016
by 44%. One of the main factors that contributes to this trend is the current governing policy for the development of aquaculture in Malaysia which is the National
Agro-Food Policy (NAFP) 2011–2020 (Witus and Vun 2016). The introduction of
this policy will motivate Malaysian to participate in aquaculture industry. As for
the aquaculture sector, good practices in conducting aquaculture activities will be
compulsory under Aquaculture Industry Zone programme (Witus and Vun 2016).
Freshwater pond culture has been the greatest contributor to local aquaculture
production. Witus and Vun (2016) stated that the aquaculture sector in Malaysia
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Number of publications
Years
Aquaponic
Aquaculture
Fig. 8.1 Publication on aquaculture and aquaponics in Malaysia (Source http://www.sciencedirect.
com, 2018, search terms ‘aquaculture’ and ‘aquaponic’ within these results)
121
8.3 Aquaponic Biofilter System in Malaysia
The development of aquaculture industry has become a major economic importance worldwide. Aquaculture continues to show increasing production at an average
annual growth rate of 6.1% between 2002 and 2012. The production increased from
36.8 million tonnes in 2002 to 66.6 million tonnes in 2012. Major aquaculture producers in 2012 were China (41.1 million tonnes), India (4.2 million tonnes), Vietnam
(3.1 million tonnes), Indonesia (3.1 million tonnes), Bangladesh, Norway, Thailand,
Chile, Egypt and Myanmar. These producers contributed 88% of the total aquaculture
production worldwide. Aquaculture in Malaysia started in the 1920s with multiple
carp species reared in ex-mining pools. Since then, apart from the crude oil, palm
oil and rubber industries, the aquaculture industry has developed into a profitable
and sustainable industry as shown in Fig. 8.1. It was shown that the total production
of aquaculture in Malaysia in 2016 was 7,110,600 metric tonnes which are seaweed
dominant with total production approximately 3,300,000 metric tonnes. However,
the freshwater species showed to increase in total production from 2014 to 2016
by 44%. One of the main factors that contributes to this trend is the current governing policy for the development of aquaculture in Malaysia which is the National
Agro-Food Policy (NAFP) 2011–2020 (Witus and Vun 2016). The introduction of
this policy will motivate Malaysian to participate in aquaculture industry. As for
the aquaculture sector, good practices in conducting aquaculture activities will be
compulsory under Aquaculture Industry Zone programme (Witus and Vun 2016).
Freshwater pond culture has been the greatest contributor to local aquaculture
production. Witus and Vun (2016) stated that the aquaculture sector in Malaysia
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Number of publications
Years
Aquaponic
Aquaculture
Fig. 8.1 Publication on aquaculture and aquaponics in Malaysia (Source http://www.sciencedirect.
com, 2018, search terms ‘aquaculture’ and ‘aquaponic’ within these results)