References
33
23. Tezuka T, Otsuka T (1988) Activation of molecular oxygen into hydrogen peroxide via αazobenzyl hydroperoxide. A generation of hydrogen peroxide from organic hydroperoxide by
the amine-base catalyzed reaction. Chem Lett 17:1751–1754
24. Garofalo AW, Jagodzinski JJ, Konradi AW, Ng RA, Semko CM, Sham HL, Sun M, Ye
XM, Garofalo AW, Jagodzinski JJ, Konradi AW, Ng RA, Semko CM, Sham HL, Sun M,
Ye XM (2012) Synthesis of novel tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridines via intramolecular
nitrilimine cycloaddition. Chem Pharm Bull 60:1063–1066
25. Gladstone WAF, Aylward JB, Norman ROC (1969) Reactions of lead tetra-acetate. Part XVIII.
Oxidation of aldehyde hydrazones: a new method for the generation of nitrilimines. J Chem
Soc C Org 2587
26. Lokanatha Rai KM, Linganna N (1997) Mercuric acetate in organic synthesis: a simple
procedure for the synthesis of pyrazolines 1. Synth Commun 27:3737–3744
27. Chen DW, Chen ZC (1995) Hypervalent iodine in synthesis: a new method for the generation
of nitrile imines. Synth Commun 25:1617–1626
28. Sowmya DV, Lakshmi Teja G, Padmaja A, Kamala Prasad V, Padmavathi V (2018) Green
approach for the synthesis of thiophenyl pyrazoles and isoxazoles by adopting 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition methodology and their antimicrobial activity. Eur J Med Chem 143:891–898
29. Huisgen R, Sauer J, Seidel M (1961) Ringöffnungen der Azole, VI. Die Thermolyse 2.5disubstituierter Tetrazole zu Nitriliminen. Chem Ber 94:2503–2509
30. Ningaiah S, Doddaramappa SD, Chandra Madegowda M, Keshavamurthy S, Bhadraiah UK
(2014) One-pot tandem synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
between aryl hydrazones and ethyl but-2-ynoate. Synth Commun 44:2222–2231
31. Grigg R, Dowling M, Jordan MW, Sridharan V (1987) X = Y-ZH systems as potential 1,3dipoles: part 131. Prototropic generation of azomethine imines from hydrazones. Tetrahedron
43:5873–5886
32. Bishop JE, Flaxman KA, Orlek BS, Sammes PG, Weller DJ (1995) Steric acceleration of
intramolecular oxime and hydrazone cycloadditions. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:2551
33. Scheiner P, Litchman WM (1972) Tetrazole photochemistry: the question of ring-transposition.
J Chem Soc Chem Commun 781
34. Frija LMT, Cristiano MLS, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Reva I, Fausto R (2014) Genesis of rare
molecules using light-induced reactions of matrix-isolated tetrazoles. J Photochem Photobiol
C Photochem Rev 18:71–90
35. Kirmse W, Horner L, Hoffmann H (1958) About light reactions IX. Reactions of photochemically generated carbenes. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 614:19–30
36. Wentrup C, Damerius A, Reichen W (1978) Intramolecular cyclization of nitrile imines.
synthesis of indazoles, fluorenes, and aza analogs. J Org Chem 43:2037–2041
37. Fischer S, Wentrup C (1980) Nitrile imide–imidoylnitrene–carbodiimide rearrangement. J
Chem Soc, Chem Commun 502–503
38. Lucero PL, Pelaez WJ, Riedl Z, Hajos G, Moyano EL, Yranzo GI (2012) Flash vacuum pyrolysis
of azolylacroleins and azolylbutadienes. Tetrahedron 68:1299–1305
39. Baldwin JE, Hong SY (1967) Electronic effects on the 1,3-cycloadditions of diarylnitrile
Imines. Chem Commun 0:1136a
40. Hong S-Y, Baldwin JE (1968) Cycloadditions—XIX kinetics of the thermal decomposition of
2,5-diaryltetrazoles. Tetrahedron 24:3787–3794
41. Feist M, Alder L, Csongár C (1988) Computer-aided MS analysis of the first decomposition
step of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles. J Therm Anal 33:1201–1206
42. Csongár C, Feist M, Tomaschewski G (1987) Photochemistry of diaryl-substituted 2Htetrazoles VII; thermal behavior of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles. Zeitschrift für Chemie 27:99–100
43. International Organization for Standardization (2007) Space environment (natural and artificial)—process for determining solar irradiances
44. Wang Yizhong, Rivera Claudia I, Vera A, Lin Q (2007) Convenient synthesis of highly
functionalized pyrazolines via mild, photoactivated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Org Lett
9:4155–4158
33
23. Tezuka T, Otsuka T (1988) Activation of molecular oxygen into hydrogen peroxide via αazobenzyl hydroperoxide. A generation of hydrogen peroxide from organic hydroperoxide by
the amine-base catalyzed reaction. Chem Lett 17:1751–1754
24. Garofalo AW, Jagodzinski JJ, Konradi AW, Ng RA, Semko CM, Sham HL, Sun M, Ye
XM, Garofalo AW, Jagodzinski JJ, Konradi AW, Ng RA, Semko CM, Sham HL, Sun M,
Ye XM (2012) Synthesis of novel tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c] pyridines via intramolecular
nitrilimine cycloaddition. Chem Pharm Bull 60:1063–1066
25. Gladstone WAF, Aylward JB, Norman ROC (1969) Reactions of lead tetra-acetate. Part XVIII.
Oxidation of aldehyde hydrazones: a new method for the generation of nitrilimines. J Chem
Soc C Org 2587
26. Lokanatha Rai KM, Linganna N (1997) Mercuric acetate in organic synthesis: a simple
procedure for the synthesis of pyrazolines 1. Synth Commun 27:3737–3744
27. Chen DW, Chen ZC (1995) Hypervalent iodine in synthesis: a new method for the generation
of nitrile imines. Synth Commun 25:1617–1626
28. Sowmya DV, Lakshmi Teja G, Padmaja A, Kamala Prasad V, Padmavathi V (2018) Green
approach for the synthesis of thiophenyl pyrazoles and isoxazoles by adopting 1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition methodology and their antimicrobial activity. Eur J Med Chem 143:891–898
29. Huisgen R, Sauer J, Seidel M (1961) Ringöffnungen der Azole, VI. Die Thermolyse 2.5disubstituierter Tetrazole zu Nitriliminen. Chem Ber 94:2503–2509
30. Ningaiah S, Doddaramappa SD, Chandra Madegowda M, Keshavamurthy S, Bhadraiah UK
(2014) One-pot tandem synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrazoles via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
between aryl hydrazones and ethyl but-2-ynoate. Synth Commun 44:2222–2231
31. Grigg R, Dowling M, Jordan MW, Sridharan V (1987) X = Y-ZH systems as potential 1,3dipoles: part 131. Prototropic generation of azomethine imines from hydrazones. Tetrahedron
43:5873–5886
32. Bishop JE, Flaxman KA, Orlek BS, Sammes PG, Weller DJ (1995) Steric acceleration of
intramolecular oxime and hydrazone cycloadditions. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1:2551
33. Scheiner P, Litchman WM (1972) Tetrazole photochemistry: the question of ring-transposition.
J Chem Soc Chem Commun 781
34. Frija LMT, Cristiano MLS, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Reva I, Fausto R (2014) Genesis of rare
molecules using light-induced reactions of matrix-isolated tetrazoles. J Photochem Photobiol
C Photochem Rev 18:71–90
35. Kirmse W, Horner L, Hoffmann H (1958) About light reactions IX. Reactions of photochemically generated carbenes. Justus Liebigs Ann Chem 614:19–30
36. Wentrup C, Damerius A, Reichen W (1978) Intramolecular cyclization of nitrile imines.
synthesis of indazoles, fluorenes, and aza analogs. J Org Chem 43:2037–2041
37. Fischer S, Wentrup C (1980) Nitrile imide–imidoylnitrene–carbodiimide rearrangement. J
Chem Soc, Chem Commun 502–503
38. Lucero PL, Pelaez WJ, Riedl Z, Hajos G, Moyano EL, Yranzo GI (2012) Flash vacuum pyrolysis
of azolylacroleins and azolylbutadienes. Tetrahedron 68:1299–1305
39. Baldwin JE, Hong SY (1967) Electronic effects on the 1,3-cycloadditions of diarylnitrile
Imines. Chem Commun 0:1136a
40. Hong S-Y, Baldwin JE (1968) Cycloadditions—XIX kinetics of the thermal decomposition of
2,5-diaryltetrazoles. Tetrahedron 24:3787–3794
41. Feist M, Alder L, Csongár C (1988) Computer-aided MS analysis of the first decomposition
step of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles. J Therm Anal 33:1201–1206
42. Csongár C, Feist M, Tomaschewski G (1987) Photochemistry of diaryl-substituted 2Htetrazoles VII; thermal behavior of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles. Zeitschrift für Chemie 27:99–100
43. International Organization for Standardization (2007) Space environment (natural and artificial)—process for determining solar irradiances
44. Wang Yizhong, Rivera Claudia I, Vera A, Lin Q (2007) Convenient synthesis of highly
functionalized pyrazolines via mild, photoactivated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Org Lett
9:4155–4158