Puga-Freitas R, Blouin M (2015) A review of the effects of soil organisms on plant hormone
signalling pathways. Environ Exp Bot 114:104–116
Raja IA, Ehsan N, Rana N, Sarwar A (2017) Impact of soil pollutants on diversity and abundance of
earthworms in cauliflower crop. Stud Zool Entomol J 5(4):1007–1012
Rice CW (2002) Organic matter and nutrient dynamics. In: Lal R (ed) Encyclopedia of soil science.
Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 925–928
Robinson SI, McLaughlin ÓB, Marteinsdóttir B, O’Gorman EJ (2018) Soil temperature effects on
the structure and diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in a natural warming experiment. J Anim Ecol 87(3):634–646
Sankar AS, Patnaik A (2018) Impact of soil physico-chemical properties on distribution of
earthworm populations across different land use patterns in southern India. J Basic Appl Zool
79(1):50
Satchell JE (1967) Lumbricidae. In: Burges A, Raw F (eds) Soil biology. Academic Press, London,
pp 259–322
Sharma DK, Tomar S, Chakraborty D (2017) Role of earthworm in improving soil structure and
functioning. Curr Sci 113:1064–1071
Shuster W, McDonald L, McCartney D, Parmelee R, Studer N, Stinner B (2002) Nitrogen source
and earthworm abundance affected runoff volume and nutrient loss in a tilled-corn
agroecosystem. Biol Fertil Soils 35(5):320–327
Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP (2016a) Earthworm as ecological engineers to change the physicochemical properties of soil: soil vs vermicast. Ecol Eng 90:1–5
Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP (2016b) Effect of abiotic factors on the distribution of earthworms in
different land use patterns. J Basic Appl Zool 74:41–50
Solomou AD, Sfougaris AI, Vavoulidou EM, Csuzdi C (2013) Species richness and density of
earthworms in relation to soil factors in olive orchard production systems in Central Greece.
Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 44(1–4):301–311
Somero GN (2010) The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and
genetic adaptation will determine ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. J Exp Biol 213(6):912–920
Spurgeon DJ, Keith AM, Schmidt O, Lammertsma DR, Faber JH (2013) Land-use and landmanagement change: relationships with earthworm and fungi communities and soil structural
properties. BMC Ecol 13(1):46
Topoliantz S, Ponge JF, Viaux P (2000) Earthworm and enchytraeid activity under different arable
farming systems, as exemplified by biogenic structures. Plant Soil 225(1–2):39–51
Tripathi G, Bhardwaj P (2004) Comparative studies on biomass production, life cycles and
composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresour
Technol 92(3):275–283
Tripathi G, Kachhwaha N, Dabi I, Bandooni N (2011) Temperature-dependent alterations in
metabolic enzymes and proteins of three ecophysiologically different species of earthworms.
Braz Arch Biol Technol 54(4):769–776
Van Groenigen JW, Lubbers IM, Vos HM, Brown GG, De Deyn GB, Van Groenigen KJ (2014)
Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 4:6365
Wever LA, Lysyk TJ, Clapperton MJ (2001) The influence of soil moisture and temperature on the
survival, aestivation, growth and development of juvenile Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen)
(Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 45(2):121–133
Whalen JK (2004) Spatial and temporal distribution of earthworm patches in corn field, hayfield and
forest systems of southwestern Quebec, Canada. Appl Soil Ecol 27(2):143–151
Whalen JK, Parmelee RW (2000) Earthworm secondary production and N flux in agroecosystems:
a comparison of two approaches. Oecologia 124(4):561–573
Yvan C, Stéphane S, Stéphane C, Pierre B, Guy R, Hubert B (2012) Role of earthworms in
regenerating soil structure after compaction in reduced tillage systems. Soil Biol Biochem
55:93–103
Zaller JG, Arnone JA III (1999) Earthworm and soil moisture effects on the productivity and
structure of grassland communities. Soil Biol Biochem 31(4):517–523
19 Earthworm Communities and Soil Structural Properties
349
signalling pathways. Environ Exp Bot 114:104–116
Raja IA, Ehsan N, Rana N, Sarwar A (2017) Impact of soil pollutants on diversity and abundance of
earthworms in cauliflower crop. Stud Zool Entomol J 5(4):1007–1012
Rice CW (2002) Organic matter and nutrient dynamics. In: Lal R (ed) Encyclopedia of soil science.
Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 925–928
Robinson SI, McLaughlin ÓB, Marteinsdóttir B, O’Gorman EJ (2018) Soil temperature effects on
the structure and diversity of plant and invertebrate communities in a natural warming experiment. J Anim Ecol 87(3):634–646
Sankar AS, Patnaik A (2018) Impact of soil physico-chemical properties on distribution of
earthworm populations across different land use patterns in southern India. J Basic Appl Zool
79(1):50
Satchell JE (1967) Lumbricidae. In: Burges A, Raw F (eds) Soil biology. Academic Press, London,
pp 259–322
Sharma DK, Tomar S, Chakraborty D (2017) Role of earthworm in improving soil structure and
functioning. Curr Sci 113:1064–1071
Shuster W, McDonald L, McCartney D, Parmelee R, Studer N, Stinner B (2002) Nitrogen source
and earthworm abundance affected runoff volume and nutrient loss in a tilled-corn
agroecosystem. Biol Fertil Soils 35(5):320–327
Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP (2016a) Earthworm as ecological engineers to change the physicochemical properties of soil: soil vs vermicast. Ecol Eng 90:1–5
Singh S, Singh J, Vig AP (2016b) Effect of abiotic factors on the distribution of earthworms in
different land use patterns. J Basic Appl Zool 74:41–50
Solomou AD, Sfougaris AI, Vavoulidou EM, Csuzdi C (2013) Species richness and density of
earthworms in relation to soil factors in olive orchard production systems in Central Greece.
Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 44(1–4):301–311
Somero GN (2010) The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and
genetic adaptation will determine ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. J Exp Biol 213(6):912–920
Spurgeon DJ, Keith AM, Schmidt O, Lammertsma DR, Faber JH (2013) Land-use and landmanagement change: relationships with earthworm and fungi communities and soil structural
properties. BMC Ecol 13(1):46
Topoliantz S, Ponge JF, Viaux P (2000) Earthworm and enchytraeid activity under different arable
farming systems, as exemplified by biogenic structures. Plant Soil 225(1–2):39–51
Tripathi G, Bhardwaj P (2004) Comparative studies on biomass production, life cycles and
composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresour
Technol 92(3):275–283
Tripathi G, Kachhwaha N, Dabi I, Bandooni N (2011) Temperature-dependent alterations in
metabolic enzymes and proteins of three ecophysiologically different species of earthworms.
Braz Arch Biol Technol 54(4):769–776
Van Groenigen JW, Lubbers IM, Vos HM, Brown GG, De Deyn GB, Van Groenigen KJ (2014)
Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 4:6365
Wever LA, Lysyk TJ, Clapperton MJ (2001) The influence of soil moisture and temperature on the
survival, aestivation, growth and development of juvenile Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen)
(Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 45(2):121–133
Whalen JK (2004) Spatial and temporal distribution of earthworm patches in corn field, hayfield and
forest systems of southwestern Quebec, Canada. Appl Soil Ecol 27(2):143–151
Whalen JK, Parmelee RW (2000) Earthworm secondary production and N flux in agroecosystems:
a comparison of two approaches. Oecologia 124(4):561–573
Yvan C, Stéphane S, Stéphane C, Pierre B, Guy R, Hubert B (2012) Role of earthworms in
regenerating soil structure after compaction in reduced tillage systems. Soil Biol Biochem
55:93–103
Zaller JG, Arnone JA III (1999) Earthworm and soil moisture effects on the productivity and
structure of grassland communities. Soil Biol Biochem 31(4):517–523
19 Earthworm Communities and Soil Structural Properties
349