Elmer WH (2012) Using earthworms to improve soil health and suppress diseases. The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
Ernst G, Zimmermann S, Christie P, Frey B (2008) Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in
different ecophysiological groups of earthworms in forest soils. Environ Pollut 156
(3):1304–1313
Fischer C, Roscher C, Jensen B, Eisenhauer N, Baade J, Attinger S et al (2014) How do
earthworms, soil texture and plant composition affect infiltration along an experimental plant
diversity gradient in grassland? PLoS One 9(6):e98987
Fragoso C, Lavelle P (1992) Earthworm communities of tropical rain forests. Soil Biol Biochem 24
(12):1397–1408
Furlong MA, Singleton DR, Coleman DC, Whitman WB (2002) Molecular and culture-based
analyses of prokaryotic communities from an agricultural soil and the burrows and casts of
the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(3):1265–1279
Gillman GP (1985) Influence of organic matter and phosphate content on the point of zero charge of
variable charge components in oxidic soils. Soil Res 23(4):643–646
Gopal M, Bhute SS, Gupta A, Prabhu SR, Thomas GV, Whitman WB, Jangid K (2017) Changes in
structure and function of bacterial communities during coconut leaf vermicomposting. Antonie
Van Leeuwenhoek 110(10):1339–1355
Guild WJML (1955) Earthworms and soil structure. In: Kevan DKME (ed) Soil zoology (Proceedings of Nottingham School of Agricultural Science). Butterworth, London, pp 83–98
Haokip SL, Singh TB (2012) Diversity and distribution of earthworms in a natural reserved and
disturbed sub-tropical forest ecosystem of Imphal-West, Manipur, India. Int Multidiscip Res J 2
(2):28–34
Hendrix PF, Mueller BR, Bruce RR, Langdale GW, Parmelee RW (1992) Abundance and distribution of earthworms in relation to landscape factors on the Georgia Piedmont, USA. Soil Biol
Biochem 24(12):1357–1361
Hering D, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Murphy J, Lücke S, Zamora-Munoz C, López-Rodríguez MJ et al
(2009) Potential impact of climate change on aquatic insects: a sensitivity analysis for European
caddisflies (Trichoptera) based on distribution patterns and ecological preferences. Aquat Sci 71
(1):3–14
Hoeffner K, Monard C, Santonja M, Cluzeau D (2018) Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic earthworm
species and their impacts on soil microbial communities. Soil Biol Biochem 125:1–9
Holmstrup M, Lamandé M, Torp SB, Greve MH, Labouriau R, Heckrath G (2011) Associations
between soil texture, soil water characteristics and earthworm populations in grassland. Acta
Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci 61(7):583–592
Iman Nejad E, Rahmani R (2005) Relation between number and biomass of earthworms with tree
species and soil properties. Doctoral dissertation, MSc thesis, Gorgan University (in Persian)
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. In: Pachauri RK, Meyer LA (eds) Contribution
of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on
climate change. IPCC, Geneva, 151 p
Ivask M, Kuu A, Truu M, Truu J (2006) The effect of soil type and soil moisture on earthworm
communities. Agric Sci 17:7–11
Jouquet P, Bottinelli N, Mathieu J, Orange D, Podwojewski P, des Tureaux TH, Duc TT (2007)
Impact of land-use change on earthworm diversity and activity: the consequences for soil
fertility and soil erosion. In: Gebbie L, Glendinning A, Lefroy-Braun R, Victor M (eds)
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on sustainable sloping lands and watershed
management: linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, pp 130–141
Julka JM (2008) Know your earthworms. Foundation for Life Sciences and Business Management,
Solan, 51 pp
Kale RD, Karmegam N (2010) The role of earthworms in tropics with emphasis on Indian
ecosystems. Appl Environ Soil Sci 2010:414356, 1–16
19 Earthworm Communities and Soil Structural Properties
347
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
Ernst G, Zimmermann S, Christie P, Frey B (2008) Mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations in
different ecophysiological groups of earthworms in forest soils. Environ Pollut 156
(3):1304–1313
Fischer C, Roscher C, Jensen B, Eisenhauer N, Baade J, Attinger S et al (2014) How do
earthworms, soil texture and plant composition affect infiltration along an experimental plant
diversity gradient in grassland? PLoS One 9(6):e98987
Fragoso C, Lavelle P (1992) Earthworm communities of tropical rain forests. Soil Biol Biochem 24
(12):1397–1408
Furlong MA, Singleton DR, Coleman DC, Whitman WB (2002) Molecular and culture-based
analyses of prokaryotic communities from an agricultural soil and the burrows and casts of
the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Appl Environ Microbiol 68(3):1265–1279
Gillman GP (1985) Influence of organic matter and phosphate content on the point of zero charge of
variable charge components in oxidic soils. Soil Res 23(4):643–646
Gopal M, Bhute SS, Gupta A, Prabhu SR, Thomas GV, Whitman WB, Jangid K (2017) Changes in
structure and function of bacterial communities during coconut leaf vermicomposting. Antonie
Van Leeuwenhoek 110(10):1339–1355
Guild WJML (1955) Earthworms and soil structure. In: Kevan DKME (ed) Soil zoology (Proceedings of Nottingham School of Agricultural Science). Butterworth, London, pp 83–98
Haokip SL, Singh TB (2012) Diversity and distribution of earthworms in a natural reserved and
disturbed sub-tropical forest ecosystem of Imphal-West, Manipur, India. Int Multidiscip Res J 2
(2):28–34
Hendrix PF, Mueller BR, Bruce RR, Langdale GW, Parmelee RW (1992) Abundance and distribution of earthworms in relation to landscape factors on the Georgia Piedmont, USA. Soil Biol
Biochem 24(12):1357–1361
Hering D, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Murphy J, Lücke S, Zamora-Munoz C, López-Rodríguez MJ et al
(2009) Potential impact of climate change on aquatic insects: a sensitivity analysis for European
caddisflies (Trichoptera) based on distribution patterns and ecological preferences. Aquat Sci 71
(1):3–14
Hoeffner K, Monard C, Santonja M, Cluzeau D (2018) Feeding behaviour of epi-anecic earthworm
species and their impacts on soil microbial communities. Soil Biol Biochem 125:1–9
Holmstrup M, Lamandé M, Torp SB, Greve MH, Labouriau R, Heckrath G (2011) Associations
between soil texture, soil water characteristics and earthworm populations in grassland. Acta
Agric Scand B Soil Plant Sci 61(7):583–592
Iman Nejad E, Rahmani R (2005) Relation between number and biomass of earthworms with tree
species and soil properties. Doctoral dissertation, MSc thesis, Gorgan University (in Persian)
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. In: Pachauri RK, Meyer LA (eds) Contribution
of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on
climate change. IPCC, Geneva, 151 p
Ivask M, Kuu A, Truu M, Truu J (2006) The effect of soil type and soil moisture on earthworm
communities. Agric Sci 17:7–11
Jouquet P, Bottinelli N, Mathieu J, Orange D, Podwojewski P, des Tureaux TH, Duc TT (2007)
Impact of land-use change on earthworm diversity and activity: the consequences for soil
fertility and soil erosion. In: Gebbie L, Glendinning A, Lefroy-Braun R, Victor M (eds)
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on sustainable sloping lands and watershed
management: linking research to strengthen upland policies and practices, pp 130–141
Julka JM (2008) Know your earthworms. Foundation for Life Sciences and Business Management,
Solan, 51 pp
Kale RD, Karmegam N (2010) The role of earthworms in tropics with emphasis on Indian
ecosystems. Appl Environ Soil Sci 2010:414356, 1–16
19 Earthworm Communities and Soil Structural Properties
347