17.7.5 Nickel (Ni)
Many studies have found that the earthworms have the potential to remove the Ni
content from the waste material. It was seen to be decreased in post vermicompost
samples of fly ash (Usmani et al. 2017). It is accomplished by the accumulation of Ni
inside the body of earthworm (Jain et al. 2004; Vig et al. 2011).
17.7.6 Cobalt (Co)
Organo-cobalt-complex formations are enhanced during the vermicomposting due
to the mutual action of earthworms and microorganisms. Patinvoh et al. (2017) also
found the earthworm is able to reduce the cobalt content from the waste material.
Singh et al. (2014b) and Mittra et al. (2005) found a high decline in Co content at the
end product of vermicomposting of fly ash.
17.8 Conclusion
This chapter clearly indicates the best use and management of fly ash with the help of
earthworms through vermitechnology. It also reveals the potential of the earthworms
like improvement of chemical nature (pH, EC, TOC and N, P, K) of the fly ash and
the removal of heavy metals from the studied substrate (fly ash) that were observed
during vermicomposting.
References
Ananthakrishnasamy S, Sarojini S, Gunasekaran G, Manimegala G (2009) Fly ash—a lignite waste
management through vermicomposting by indigenous earthworms Lampito mauritii. Am Eur J
Agric Environ Sci 5:720–724
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Welch C, Metzger JD (2004) Influences of vermicomposts
on field strawberries-1: effects on growth and yields. Bioresour Technol 93:145–153
Atiyeh RM, Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Metzger JD (2002) The influence of earthworm-processed
pig manure on the growth and productivity of marigolds. Bioresour Technol 81(2):103–108
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2015a) Vermistabilization of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) waste
produced from sugar factory using earthworm Eisenia fetida: genotoxic assessment by Allium
cepa test. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:11236–11254
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2015b) Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm
Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. SpringerPlus 4:11
Bhat SA, Bhatti SS, Singh J, Sambyal V, Nagpal A, Vig AP (2016) Vermiremediation and
phytoremediation: eco approaches for soil stabilization. Austin Environ Sci 1(2):1006
Bhattacharya SS, Chattopadhyay GN (2002) Increasing bioavailability of phosphorous from fly ash
through vermicomposting. J Environ Qual 31:2116–2119
292
B. Sohal and A. P. Vig
Many studies have found that the earthworms have the potential to remove the Ni
content from the waste material. It was seen to be decreased in post vermicompost
samples of fly ash (Usmani et al. 2017). It is accomplished by the accumulation of Ni
inside the body of earthworm (Jain et al. 2004; Vig et al. 2011).
17.7.6 Cobalt (Co)
Organo-cobalt-complex formations are enhanced during the vermicomposting due
to the mutual action of earthworms and microorganisms. Patinvoh et al. (2017) also
found the earthworm is able to reduce the cobalt content from the waste material.
Singh et al. (2014b) and Mittra et al. (2005) found a high decline in Co content at the
end product of vermicomposting of fly ash.
17.8 Conclusion
This chapter clearly indicates the best use and management of fly ash with the help of
earthworms through vermitechnology. It also reveals the potential of the earthworms
like improvement of chemical nature (pH, EC, TOC and N, P, K) of the fly ash and
the removal of heavy metals from the studied substrate (fly ash) that were observed
during vermicomposting.
References
Ananthakrishnasamy S, Sarojini S, Gunasekaran G, Manimegala G (2009) Fly ash—a lignite waste
management through vermicomposting by indigenous earthworms Lampito mauritii. Am Eur J
Agric Environ Sci 5:720–724
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Bierman P, Welch C, Metzger JD (2004) Influences of vermicomposts
on field strawberries-1: effects on growth and yields. Bioresour Technol 93:145–153
Atiyeh RM, Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Metzger JD (2002) The influence of earthworm-processed
pig manure on the growth and productivity of marigolds. Bioresour Technol 81(2):103–108
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2015a) Vermistabilization of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) waste
produced from sugar factory using earthworm Eisenia fetida: genotoxic assessment by Allium
cepa test. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:11236–11254
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2015b) Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm
Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. SpringerPlus 4:11
Bhat SA, Bhatti SS, Singh J, Sambyal V, Nagpal A, Vig AP (2016) Vermiremediation and
phytoremediation: eco approaches for soil stabilization. Austin Environ Sci 1(2):1006
Bhattacharya SS, Chattopadhyay GN (2002) Increasing bioavailability of phosphorous from fly ash
through vermicomposting. J Environ Qual 31:2116–2119
292
B. Sohal and A. P. Vig