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earthworm growth and organic matter degradation during vermicomposting of agricultural
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waste and vegetable compost on production and growth of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) during
vermiculture. Int J Recycling Organic Waste Agric 5:87–92
Wallwork J (1983) Annelids: the first coelomates. Earthworms biology. Edward Arnold, London
Wang L, Zhang Y, Lian J, Chao J, Gao Y, Yang F, Zhang L (2013) Impact of fly ash and phosphatic
rock on metal stabilization and bioavailability during sewage sludge vermicomposting.
Bioresour Technol 136:281–287
Wen H, Li Y, Xiang L, Zhao H, Chen L, Cai Q, Li H, Mo C, Zhou D, Wong M (2017)
Toxicological effects of microcystin-LR on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. Biol Fertil
Soils 53:849–860
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18:321–336
Stürzenbaum SR, Kille P, Morgan AJ (1998) The identification, cloning and characterization of
earthworm metallothionein. FEBS Lett 431:437–442
Stürzenbaum SR, Hockner M, Panneerselvam A, Levitt J (2012) Biosynthesis of luminescent
quantum dots in an earthworm. Nat Nanotechnol 8:57–60
Sun YY, Yin Y, Zhang JF, Yu HX, Wang XR (2007) Bioaccumulation and ROS generation in liver
of freshwater fish, goldfish Carassius auratus under HC Orange No. 1 exposure. Environ
Toxicol 22:256–263
Suthar S (2006) Potential utilization of guar gum industrial waste in vermicompost production.
Bioresour Technol 97:2474–2477
Suthar S (2007) Nutrient changes and biodynamics of epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus
(Perrier) during recycling of some agriculture wastes. Bioresour Technol 98:1608–1614
Suthar S (2008a) Bioconversion of post harvest crop residues and cattle shed manure into valueadded products using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae Kinberg. Ecol Eng 32:206–214
Suthar S (2008b) Development of a novel epigeic-anecic-based polyculture vermireactor for
efficient treatment of municipal sewage water sludge. Int J Environ Waste Manag 2
(1–2):84–101
Suthar S (2010) Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation
process: comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecol Eng 36:703–712
Suthar S (2011) Production of earthworm Allolobophora parva (Eisen) in cattle dung. Ecol Eng
37:644–647
Suthar S (2012) Vermistabilization of wastewater sludge from milk processing industry. Ecol Eng
47:115–119
Suthar S, Pandey B, Gusain R, Gaur RZ, Kumar K (2017) Nutrient changes and biodynamics of
Eisenia fetida during vermicomposting of water lettuce (Pistia sp.) biomass: a noxious weed of
aquatic system. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:199–207
Swarnam TP, Velmurugan A, Pandey SK, Roy SD (2016) Enhancing nutrient recovery and
compost maturity of coconut husk by vermicomposting technology. Bioresour Technol
207:76–84
Tang R, Ding C, Ma Y, Wang J, Zhang T, Wang X (2017) Metabolic responses of Eisenia fetida to
individual Pb and Cd contamination in two types of soils. Sci Rep 7:1–13
Ukpabi CF, Akubugwo EI, Ibiam UA, Agbafor KN, Ezeigbo RO, Wogu C (2013) Fertilizer
application effect on heavy metal composition and biochemical responses of Earthworm Eisenia
fetida (Savigny) in a sandy farm soil. Am J Biochem 3(3):74–79
Valavanidis A, Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis K (2009) 8-Hydroxy-2
0 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG): a
biomarker of oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. J Environ Sci Health C, Environ Carcinog
Ecotoxicol 27:120–139
Varma VS, Yadav J, Das S, Kalamdhad AS (2015) Potential of waste carbide sludge addition on
earthworm growth and organic matter degradation during vermicomposting of agricultural
wastes. Ecol Eng 83:90–95
Velki M, Hackenberger BK (2013) Biomarker responses in earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to
pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin using different toxicity tests. Chemosphere 90:1216–1226
Vodounnou DSJV, Kpogue DNS, Tossavi CE, Mennsah GA, Fiogbe ED (2016) Effect of animal
waste and vegetable compost on production and growth of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) during
vermiculture. Int J Recycling Organic Waste Agric 5:87–92
Wallwork J (1983) Annelids: the first coelomates. Earthworms biology. Edward Arnold, London
Wang L, Zhang Y, Lian J, Chao J, Gao Y, Yang F, Zhang L (2013) Impact of fly ash and phosphatic
rock on metal stabilization and bioavailability during sewage sludge vermicomposting.
Bioresour Technol 136:281–287
Wen H, Li Y, Xiang L, Zhao H, Chen L, Cai Q, Li H, Mo C, Zhou D, Wong M (2017)
Toxicological effects of microcystin-LR on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) in soil. Biol Fertil
Soils 53:849–860
266
H. Kaur et al.