Gunadi B, Edwards CA (2003) The effect of multiple applications of different organic wastes on the
growth, fecundity and survival of Eisenia foetida (Savigny) (Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 47
(4):321–330
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford
University Press, New York
Hoang DT, Pausch J, Razavi BS, Kuzyakova I, Banfield CC, Kuzyakov Y (2016) Hotspots of
microbial activity induced by earthworm burrows, old root channels, and their combination in
subsoil. Biol Fertil Soils 52:1105–1119
Hobbelen PH, Koolhaas JE, Van GCA (2006) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworms
Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa in relation to total and available metal
concentrations in field soils. Environ Pollut 144(2):639–646
Homa J, Olchawa E, Stürzenbaum SR, Morgan AJ, Plytycz B (2005) Early phase immunodetection
of metallothionein and heat shock proteins in extruded earthworm coelomocytes after dermal
exposure to metal ions. Environ Pollut 135:275–280
Huang G, Wong J, Wu Q, Nagar B (2004) Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with
sawdust. Waste Manag 24:805–813
ISO (1998) Soil quality-effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 11268-2 determination
of effects on reproduction. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
Jamali MK, Kazi TG, Arain MB, Afridi HI, Jalbani N, Kandhro GA, Shah AQ, Baig JA (2009)
Heavy metal accumulation in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in soil
amended with domestic sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater 164(2–3):1386–1391
Kale RD (2000) An evaluation of the vermitechnology process for the treatment of agro, sugar and
food processing wastes. In: Technology appreciation programme on evaluation of biotechnological approaches to waste management held on 26 Oct 2000. Industrial Associationship of IIT,
Madras, pp 15–17
Kang J, Zhang Z, Wang JJ (2011) Influence of humic substances on bioavailability of Cu and Zn
during sewage sludge composting. Bioresour Technol 102:8022–8026
Karmegam N, Daniel T (2009) Investigating efficiency of Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Perionyx
ceylanensis Michaelsen for vermicomposting of different types of organic substrates. Environmentalist 29:287–300
Kaviraj S, Sharma S (2003) Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting
employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresour Technol 90:169–173
Kavita G, Nagendra B (2000) Effect of vermicompost of Parthenium on two cultivars of wheat.
Indian J Ecol 27:177–180
Kavitha V, Anandhan R (2018) Sublethal effect of atrazine on the intestine of an Indian earthworm
Lampito mauritti (Kinberg) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Int J Zool Appl Biosci 3(4):322–326
Kelly SA, Havrilla CM, Brady TC, Abramo KH, Levin ED (1998) Oxidative stress in toxicology:
established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems. Environ Health Perspect
106:375–384
Kenneth AC (2000) Dietary antioxidants during cancer chemotherapy: impact on chemotherapeutic
effectiveness and development of side effects. Nutr Cancer 37:1–18
Kiran TR, Aruna HK (2010) Antioxidant enzyme activities and markers of oxidative stress in the
life cycle of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. Ital J Zool 77(2):144–148
Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM (2004) The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis. Annu Rev
Pharmacol Toxicol 44:239–267
Kohil KK, Rani D (1994) Parthenium hysterophorus—a review. Res Bull (Sci) Punjab Univ
44:105–149
Kono Y, Fridovich I (1982) Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. J Biol Chem 257:5751–5754
Langdon CJ, Piearce TG, Meharg AA, Semple KT (2001) Resistance to copper toxicity in
populations of the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Dendrodrilus rubidus from contaminated mine wastes. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2336–2341
15 Waste Management Practices and Their Impact on Earthworms
263
growth, fecundity and survival of Eisenia foetida (Savigny) (Lumbricidae). Pedobiologia 47
(4):321–330
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford
University Press, New York
Hoang DT, Pausch J, Razavi BS, Kuzyakova I, Banfield CC, Kuzyakov Y (2016) Hotspots of
microbial activity induced by earthworm burrows, old root channels, and their combination in
subsoil. Biol Fertil Soils 52:1105–1119
Hobbelen PH, Koolhaas JE, Van GCA (2006) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the earthworms
Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea caliginosa in relation to total and available metal
concentrations in field soils. Environ Pollut 144(2):639–646
Homa J, Olchawa E, Stürzenbaum SR, Morgan AJ, Plytycz B (2005) Early phase immunodetection
of metallothionein and heat shock proteins in extruded earthworm coelomocytes after dermal
exposure to metal ions. Environ Pollut 135:275–280
Huang G, Wong J, Wu Q, Nagar B (2004) Effect of C/N on composting of pig manure with
sawdust. Waste Manag 24:805–813
ISO (1998) Soil quality-effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). 11268-2 determination
of effects on reproduction. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva
Jamali MK, Kazi TG, Arain MB, Afridi HI, Jalbani N, Kandhro GA, Shah AQ, Baig JA (2009)
Heavy metal accumulation in different varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in soil
amended with domestic sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater 164(2–3):1386–1391
Kale RD (2000) An evaluation of the vermitechnology process for the treatment of agro, sugar and
food processing wastes. In: Technology appreciation programme on evaluation of biotechnological approaches to waste management held on 26 Oct 2000. Industrial Associationship of IIT,
Madras, pp 15–17
Kang J, Zhang Z, Wang JJ (2011) Influence of humic substances on bioavailability of Cu and Zn
during sewage sludge composting. Bioresour Technol 102:8022–8026
Karmegam N, Daniel T (2009) Investigating efficiency of Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) and Perionyx
ceylanensis Michaelsen for vermicomposting of different types of organic substrates. Environmentalist 29:287–300
Kaviraj S, Sharma S (2003) Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting
employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresour Technol 90:169–173
Kavita G, Nagendra B (2000) Effect of vermicompost of Parthenium on two cultivars of wheat.
Indian J Ecol 27:177–180
Kavitha V, Anandhan R (2018) Sublethal effect of atrazine on the intestine of an Indian earthworm
Lampito mauritti (Kinberg) (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Int J Zool Appl Biosci 3(4):322–326
Kelly SA, Havrilla CM, Brady TC, Abramo KH, Levin ED (1998) Oxidative stress in toxicology:
established mammalian and emerging piscine model systems. Environ Health Perspect
106:375–384
Kenneth AC (2000) Dietary antioxidants during cancer chemotherapy: impact on chemotherapeutic
effectiveness and development of side effects. Nutr Cancer 37:1–18
Kiran TR, Aruna HK (2010) Antioxidant enzyme activities and markers of oxidative stress in the
life cycle of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. Ital J Zool 77(2):144–148
Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM (2004) The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis. Annu Rev
Pharmacol Toxicol 44:239–267
Kohil KK, Rani D (1994) Parthenium hysterophorus—a review. Res Bull (Sci) Punjab Univ
44:105–149
Kono Y, Fridovich I (1982) Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. J Biol Chem 257:5751–5754
Langdon CJ, Piearce TG, Meharg AA, Semple KT (2001) Resistance to copper toxicity in
populations of the earthworms Lumbricus rubellus and Dendrodrilus rubidus from contaminated mine wastes. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2336–2341
15 Waste Management Practices and Their Impact on Earthworms
263