References
Aira M, Monroy F, Dominguez J (2007) Earthworms strongly modify microbial biomass and
activity triggering enzymatic activities during vermicomposting independently of the application rates of pig slurry. Sci Total Environ 385:252–261
Ajani GE (2014) Oxidative stress in fish living in coastal water polluted with sawdust and wood
waste along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Researcher 6(3):1–5
Andriuzzi WS, Ngo P, Geisen S, Keith AM, Dumack K, Bolger T, Bonkowski M, Brussaard L,
Faber JH, Chabbi A, Rumpel C, Schmidt O (2016) Organic matter composition and the protist
and nematode communities around anecic earthworm burrows. Biol Fertil Soils 52:91–100
Asensio V, Kille P, Morgan AJ, Soto M, Marigomez I (2007) Metallothionein expression and
Neutral Red uptake as biomarkers of metal exposure and effect in Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus
terrestris exposed to Cd. Eur J Soil Biol 43:S233–S238
Atiyeh RM, Dominguez J, Subler S, Edwards CA (2000) Changes in biochemical properties of cow
manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia Andrei Bouché) and the effects on seedling
growth. Pedobiologia 44:709–724
Babić S, Barišić J, Malev O, Klobučar G, Topić Popović N, Strunjak-Perović I, Krasnići N,
Čož-Rakovac R, Sauerborn Klobučar R (2016) Sewage sludge toxicity assessment using
earthworm Eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and
accurate insight. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:12150–12163
Bakthavathsalam R, Geetha T (2004) Reproductive influence of the earthworm, Lampito mauritii
cultured in different media of paddy chaff and weed plants materials. Environ Ecol 22
(3):574–578
Bangarusamy V, Karpagam S, Martin P (2014) Toxicity and histopathological effect of different
organic waste on the earthworm (Eudrillus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida) under laboratory
conditions. Int J Ethnomed Pharmacol Res 2(1):18–22
Benitez E, Nogales R, Elvira C, Masciandaro G, Ceccanti B (1999) Enzyme activities as indicators
of the stabilization of sewage sludge composting with Eisenia foetida. Bioresour Technol
67:297–303
Bhat SA, Singh B, Vig AP (2015) Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm
Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. SpringerPlus 4(11):1–9
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2016a) Recycling of sugar industrial wastes through earthworm
technology. Int Lett Nat Sci 55:35–43
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2016b) Effect on growth of earthworm and chemical parameters during
vermicomposting of pressmud sludge mixed with cattle dung mixture. Proc Environ Sci
35:425–434
Bhat S, Singh J, Vig AP (2017a) Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of
vermicompost maturity. J Anal Sci Technol 8(2):9–12
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2017b) Amelioration and degradation of pressmud and bagasse wastes
using vermitechnology. Bioresour Technol 243:1097–1104
Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (1998) Hormesis as a biological hypothesis. Environ Health Perspect
106(1):357–362
Callahan CA (1984) Earthworms as ecotoxicological assessment tools. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/D-48-272
Chen C, Zhou Q, Liu S, Xiu Z (2011) Acute toxicity, biochemical and gene expression responses of
the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to polycyclic musks. Chemosphere 83:1147–1154
Damien C, Chantal VH, Pirouz S, Zerimech FH, Laurence J, Jean MH (2004) Cellular impact of
metal trace elements in terricolous lichen Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.—identification of oxidative stress biomarkers. Water Air Soil Pollut 152:55–69
Das D, Bhattacharyya P, Ghosh BC, Banika P (2016) Bioconversion and biodynamics of Eisenia
foetida in different organic wastes through microbially enriched vermiconversion technologies.
Ecol Eng 86:154–161
15 Waste Management Practices and Their Impact on Earthworms
261
Aira M, Monroy F, Dominguez J (2007) Earthworms strongly modify microbial biomass and
activity triggering enzymatic activities during vermicomposting independently of the application rates of pig slurry. Sci Total Environ 385:252–261
Ajani GE (2014) Oxidative stress in fish living in coastal water polluted with sawdust and wood
waste along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Researcher 6(3):1–5
Andriuzzi WS, Ngo P, Geisen S, Keith AM, Dumack K, Bolger T, Bonkowski M, Brussaard L,
Faber JH, Chabbi A, Rumpel C, Schmidt O (2016) Organic matter composition and the protist
and nematode communities around anecic earthworm burrows. Biol Fertil Soils 52:91–100
Asensio V, Kille P, Morgan AJ, Soto M, Marigomez I (2007) Metallothionein expression and
Neutral Red uptake as biomarkers of metal exposure and effect in Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus
terrestris exposed to Cd. Eur J Soil Biol 43:S233–S238
Atiyeh RM, Dominguez J, Subler S, Edwards CA (2000) Changes in biochemical properties of cow
manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia Andrei Bouché) and the effects on seedling
growth. Pedobiologia 44:709–724
Babić S, Barišić J, Malev O, Klobučar G, Topić Popović N, Strunjak-Perović I, Krasnići N,
Čož-Rakovac R, Sauerborn Klobučar R (2016) Sewage sludge toxicity assessment using
earthworm Eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and
accurate insight. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:12150–12163
Bakthavathsalam R, Geetha T (2004) Reproductive influence of the earthworm, Lampito mauritii
cultured in different media of paddy chaff and weed plants materials. Environ Ecol 22
(3):574–578
Bangarusamy V, Karpagam S, Martin P (2014) Toxicity and histopathological effect of different
organic waste on the earthworm (Eudrillus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida) under laboratory
conditions. Int J Ethnomed Pharmacol Res 2(1):18–22
Benitez E, Nogales R, Elvira C, Masciandaro G, Ceccanti B (1999) Enzyme activities as indicators
of the stabilization of sewage sludge composting with Eisenia foetida. Bioresour Technol
67:297–303
Bhat SA, Singh B, Vig AP (2015) Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm
Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. SpringerPlus 4(11):1–9
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2016a) Recycling of sugar industrial wastes through earthworm
technology. Int Lett Nat Sci 55:35–43
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2016b) Effect on growth of earthworm and chemical parameters during
vermicomposting of pressmud sludge mixed with cattle dung mixture. Proc Environ Sci
35:425–434
Bhat S, Singh J, Vig AP (2017a) Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of
vermicompost maturity. J Anal Sci Technol 8(2):9–12
Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP (2017b) Amelioration and degradation of pressmud and bagasse wastes
using vermitechnology. Bioresour Technol 243:1097–1104
Calabrese EJ, Baldwin LA (1998) Hormesis as a biological hypothesis. Environ Health Perspect
106(1):357–362
Callahan CA (1984) Earthworms as ecotoxicological assessment tools. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/D-48-272
Chen C, Zhou Q, Liu S, Xiu Z (2011) Acute toxicity, biochemical and gene expression responses of
the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to polycyclic musks. Chemosphere 83:1147–1154
Damien C, Chantal VH, Pirouz S, Zerimech FH, Laurence J, Jean MH (2004) Cellular impact of
metal trace elements in terricolous lichen Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant.—identification of oxidative stress biomarkers. Water Air Soil Pollut 152:55–69
Das D, Bhattacharyya P, Ghosh BC, Banika P (2016) Bioconversion and biodynamics of Eisenia
foetida in different organic wastes through microbially enriched vermiconversion technologies.
Ecol Eng 86:154–161
15 Waste Management Practices and Their Impact on Earthworms
261