Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a
review. Environ Chem Lett 8(3):199–216
Nies DH (1999) Microbial heavy-metal resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51(6):730–750
Oladipo OG, Awotoye OO, Olayinka A, Bezuidenhout CC, Maboeta MS (2018) Heavy metal
tolerance traits of filamentous fungi isolated from gold and gemstone mining sites. Braz J
Microbiol 49(1):29–37
Ong GH, Ho XH, Shamkeeva S, Manasha Savithri Fernando AS, Wong LS (2017) Biosorption
study of potential fungi for copper remediation from Peninsular Malaysia. Remediat J 27
(4):59–63
Ozturk S, Kaya T, Aslim B, Tan S (2012) Removal and reduction of chromium by Pseudomonas
spp. and their correlation to rhamnolipid production. J Hazard Mater 231:64–69
Pattnaik S, Dash D, Mohapatra S, Pattnaik M, Marandi AK, Das S, Samantaray DP (2020)
Improvement of rice plant productivity by native Cr (VI) reducing and plant growth promoting
soil bacteria Enterobacter cloacae. Chemosphere 240:124895
Pereira SI, Figueiredo PI, Barros AS, Dias MC, Santos C, Duarte IF, Gil AM (2014) Changes in the
metabolome of lettuce leaves due to exposure to mancozeb pesticide. Food Chem 154:291–298
Pulford ID, Watson C (2003) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees—a
review. Environ Int 29(4):529–540
Rascio N, Navari-Izzo F (2011) Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it?
And what makes them so interesting? Plant Sci 180(2):169–181
Ren X, Guo S, Tian W, Chen Y, Han H, Chen E et al (2019) Effects of plant growth-promoting
bacteria (PGPB) inoculation on the growth, antioxidant activity, Cu uptake, and bacterial
community structure of rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in Cu-contaminated agricultural soil.
Front Microbiol 10:1455
Revathi K, Haribabu TE, Sudha PN (2011) Phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soil using
sorghum plant. Int J Environ Sci 2(2):418
Robinson B, Fernández JE, Madejón P, Marañón T, Murillo JM, Green S, Clothier B (2003)
Phytoextraction: an assessment of biogeochemical and economic viability. Plant Soil 249
(1):117–125
Ruiz E, Alonso-Azcárate J, Rodríguez L (2011) Lumbricus terrestris L. activity increases the
availability of metals and their accumulation in maize and barley. Environ Pollut 159
(3):722–728
Saha P, Rao KV (2017) Biosurfactants—a current perspective on production and applications. Nat
Environ Pollut Technol 16(1):181–188
Santana NA, Rabuscke CM, Soares VB, Soriani HH, Nicoloso FT, Jacques RJS (2018)
Vermicompost dose and mycorrhization determine the efficiency of copper phytoremediation
by Canavalia ensiformis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(13):12663–12677
Santana NA, Ferreira PAA, Tarouco CP, Schardong IS, Antoniolli ZI, Nicoloso FT, Jacques RJS
(2019) Earthworms and mycorrhization increase copper phytoextraction by Canavalia
ensiformis in sandy soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 182:109383
Saxena B, Shukla K, Giri B (2017) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and tolerance of salt stress in
plants. In: Arbuscular mycorrhizas and stress tolerance of plants. Springer, Singapore, pp 67–97
Setia RC, Kaur N, Setia N, Nayyar H (2008) Heavy metal toxicity in plants and phytoremediation.
In: Crop improvement: strategies and applications. IK International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, pp 206–218
Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Che Z, Rehman A, Cheema SA, Sharma A et al (2018) Role of 24epibrassinolide (EBL) in mediating heavy metal and pesticide induced oxidative stress in plants:
a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:935–944
Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Hassan W, Shah AN, Anjum SA, Cheema SA, Ali I (2016) Lithium toxicity
in plants: reasons, mechanisms and remediation possibilities–A review. Plant Physiol Biochem
107:104–115
Sharma P, Dubey RS (2005) Lead toxicity in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17(1):35–52
Sharma DK, Tomar S, Chakraborty D (2017) Role of earthworm in improving soil structure and
functioning. Curr Sci 113:1064–1071
14 PGPR and Earthworm-Assisted Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
243
review. Environ Chem Lett 8(3):199–216
Nies DH (1999) Microbial heavy-metal resistance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51(6):730–750
Oladipo OG, Awotoye OO, Olayinka A, Bezuidenhout CC, Maboeta MS (2018) Heavy metal
tolerance traits of filamentous fungi isolated from gold and gemstone mining sites. Braz J
Microbiol 49(1):29–37
Ong GH, Ho XH, Shamkeeva S, Manasha Savithri Fernando AS, Wong LS (2017) Biosorption
study of potential fungi for copper remediation from Peninsular Malaysia. Remediat J 27
(4):59–63
Ozturk S, Kaya T, Aslim B, Tan S (2012) Removal and reduction of chromium by Pseudomonas
spp. and their correlation to rhamnolipid production. J Hazard Mater 231:64–69
Pattnaik S, Dash D, Mohapatra S, Pattnaik M, Marandi AK, Das S, Samantaray DP (2020)
Improvement of rice plant productivity by native Cr (VI) reducing and plant growth promoting
soil bacteria Enterobacter cloacae. Chemosphere 240:124895
Pereira SI, Figueiredo PI, Barros AS, Dias MC, Santos C, Duarte IF, Gil AM (2014) Changes in the
metabolome of lettuce leaves due to exposure to mancozeb pesticide. Food Chem 154:291–298
Pulford ID, Watson C (2003) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees—a
review. Environ Int 29(4):529–540
Rascio N, Navari-Izzo F (2011) Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: how and why do they do it?
And what makes them so interesting? Plant Sci 180(2):169–181
Ren X, Guo S, Tian W, Chen Y, Han H, Chen E et al (2019) Effects of plant growth-promoting
bacteria (PGPB) inoculation on the growth, antioxidant activity, Cu uptake, and bacterial
community structure of rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in Cu-contaminated agricultural soil.
Front Microbiol 10:1455
Revathi K, Haribabu TE, Sudha PN (2011) Phytoremediation of chromium contaminated soil using
sorghum plant. Int J Environ Sci 2(2):418
Robinson B, Fernández JE, Madejón P, Marañón T, Murillo JM, Green S, Clothier B (2003)
Phytoextraction: an assessment of biogeochemical and economic viability. Plant Soil 249
(1):117–125
Ruiz E, Alonso-Azcárate J, Rodríguez L (2011) Lumbricus terrestris L. activity increases the
availability of metals and their accumulation in maize and barley. Environ Pollut 159
(3):722–728
Saha P, Rao KV (2017) Biosurfactants—a current perspective on production and applications. Nat
Environ Pollut Technol 16(1):181–188
Santana NA, Rabuscke CM, Soares VB, Soriani HH, Nicoloso FT, Jacques RJS (2018)
Vermicompost dose and mycorrhization determine the efficiency of copper phytoremediation
by Canavalia ensiformis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(13):12663–12677
Santana NA, Ferreira PAA, Tarouco CP, Schardong IS, Antoniolli ZI, Nicoloso FT, Jacques RJS
(2019) Earthworms and mycorrhization increase copper phytoextraction by Canavalia
ensiformis in sandy soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 182:109383
Saxena B, Shukla K, Giri B (2017) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and tolerance of salt stress in
plants. In: Arbuscular mycorrhizas and stress tolerance of plants. Springer, Singapore, pp 67–97
Setia RC, Kaur N, Setia N, Nayyar H (2008) Heavy metal toxicity in plants and phytoremediation.
In: Crop improvement: strategies and applications. IK International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, pp 206–218
Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Che Z, Rehman A, Cheema SA, Sharma A et al (2018) Role of 24epibrassinolide (EBL) in mediating heavy metal and pesticide induced oxidative stress in plants:
a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 147:935–944
Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Hassan W, Shah AN, Anjum SA, Cheema SA, Ali I (2016) Lithium toxicity
in plants: reasons, mechanisms and remediation possibilities–A review. Plant Physiol Biochem
107:104–115
Sharma P, Dubey RS (2005) Lead toxicity in plants. Braz J Plant Physiol 17(1):35–52
Sharma DK, Tomar S, Chakraborty D (2017) Role of earthworm in improving soil structure and
functioning. Curr Sci 113:1064–1071
14 PGPR and Earthworm-Assisted Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
243