Glick BR (2012) Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica
2012:963401
Golrizkhatami F, Farsad F, Rafati M (2018) The combined effect of EDTA and vermicompost on
removal of lead from soil by Ocimum basilicum. Asian J Water Environ Pollut 15(4):41–45
González A, Steffen KL, Lynch JP (1998) Light and excess manganese: implications for oxidative
stress in common bean. Plant Physiol 118(2):493–504
Green CE, Chaney RL, Bouwkamp J (2003) Interactions between cadmium uptake and phytotoxic
levels of zinc in hard red spring wheat. J Plant Nutr 26(2):417–430
Guo P, Qi YP, Yang LT, Lai NW, Ye X, Yang Y, Chen LS (2017) Root adaptive responses to
aluminum-treatment revealed by RNA-Seq in two Citrus species with different aluminumtolerance. Front Plant Sci 8:330
Hall JL (2002) Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J Exp Bot 53
(366):1–11
Hoehne L, de Lima CV, Martini MC, Altmayer T, Brietzke DT, Finatto J et al (2016) Addition of
vermicompost to heavy metal-contaminated soil increases the ability of black oat (Avena
strigosa Schreb) plants to remove Cd, Cr, and Pb. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(12):443
Huang H, Yu N, Wang L, Gupta DK, He Z, Wang K et al (2011) The phytoremediation potential of
bioenergy crop Ricinus communis for DDTs and cadmium co-contaminated soil. Bioresour
Technol 102(23):11034–11038
Huang XH, Zhu F, Yan WD, Chen XY, Wang GJ, Wang RJ (2019) Effects of Pb and Zn toxicity on
chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass production of Koelreuteria paniculata and Zelkova
schneideriana young plants. Photosynthetica 57(2):688–697
Hugouvieux V, Dutilleul C, Jourdain A, Reynaud F, Lopez V, Bourguignon J (2009) Arabidopsis
putative selenium-binding protein1 expression is tightly linked to cellular sulfur demand and
can reduce sensitivity to stresses requiring glutathione for tolerance. Plant Physiol 151
(2):768–781
Jadia CD, Fulekar MH (2008) Phytoremediation: the application of vermicompost to remove zinc,
cadmium, copper, nickel and lead by sunflower plant. Environ Eng Manag J 7(5):547–558
Jan S, Parray JA (2016) Approaches to heavy metal tolerance in plants. Springer, Singapore, pp
1–18
Jarup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167–182
Jisha CK, Bauddh K, Shukla SK (2017) Phytoremediation and bioenergy production efficiency of
medicinal and aromatic plants. In: Phytoremediation potential of bioenergy plants. Springer,
Singapore, pp 287–304
Jordao CP, Fialho LL, Neves JCL, Cecon PR, Mendonça ES, Fontes RLF (2007) Reduction of
heavy metal contents in liquid effluents by vermicomposts and the use of the metal-enriched
vermicomposts in lettuce cultivation. Bioresour Technol 98(15):2800–2813
Ju W, Liu L, Fang L, Cui Y, Duan C, Wu H (2019) Impact of co-inoculation with plant-growthpromoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in
copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 167:218–226
Jusselme MD, Poly F, Miambi E, Mora P, Blouin M, Pando A, Rouland-Lefèvre C (2012) Effect of
earthworms on plant Lantana camara Pb-uptake and on bacterial communities in root-adhering
soil. Sci Total Environ 416:200–207
Kaur P, Bali S, Sharma A, Vig AP, Bhardwaj R (2017) Effect of earthworms on growth,
photosynthetic efficiency and metal uptake in Brassica juncea L. plants grown in cadmiumpolluted soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(15):13452–13465
Kaur P, Bali S, Sharma A, Vig AP, Bhardwaj R (2018) Role of earthworms in phytoremediation of
cadmium (Cd) by modulating the antioxidative potential of Brassica juncea L. Appl Soil Ecol
124:306–316
Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2020) Responses of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide
in regulating oxidative defence system in wheat plants grown under cadmium stress. Physiol
Plant 168:345–360
14 PGPR and Earthworm-Assisted Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
241
2012:963401
Golrizkhatami F, Farsad F, Rafati M (2018) The combined effect of EDTA and vermicompost on
removal of lead from soil by Ocimum basilicum. Asian J Water Environ Pollut 15(4):41–45
González A, Steffen KL, Lynch JP (1998) Light and excess manganese: implications for oxidative
stress in common bean. Plant Physiol 118(2):493–504
Green CE, Chaney RL, Bouwkamp J (2003) Interactions between cadmium uptake and phytotoxic
levels of zinc in hard red spring wheat. J Plant Nutr 26(2):417–430
Guo P, Qi YP, Yang LT, Lai NW, Ye X, Yang Y, Chen LS (2017) Root adaptive responses to
aluminum-treatment revealed by RNA-Seq in two Citrus species with different aluminumtolerance. Front Plant Sci 8:330
Hall JL (2002) Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. J Exp Bot 53
(366):1–11
Hoehne L, de Lima CV, Martini MC, Altmayer T, Brietzke DT, Finatto J et al (2016) Addition of
vermicompost to heavy metal-contaminated soil increases the ability of black oat (Avena
strigosa Schreb) plants to remove Cd, Cr, and Pb. Water Air Soil Pollut 227(12):443
Huang H, Yu N, Wang L, Gupta DK, He Z, Wang K et al (2011) The phytoremediation potential of
bioenergy crop Ricinus communis for DDTs and cadmium co-contaminated soil. Bioresour
Technol 102(23):11034–11038
Huang XH, Zhu F, Yan WD, Chen XY, Wang GJ, Wang RJ (2019) Effects of Pb and Zn toxicity on
chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass production of Koelreuteria paniculata and Zelkova
schneideriana young plants. Photosynthetica 57(2):688–697
Hugouvieux V, Dutilleul C, Jourdain A, Reynaud F, Lopez V, Bourguignon J (2009) Arabidopsis
putative selenium-binding protein1 expression is tightly linked to cellular sulfur demand and
can reduce sensitivity to stresses requiring glutathione for tolerance. Plant Physiol 151
(2):768–781
Jadia CD, Fulekar MH (2008) Phytoremediation: the application of vermicompost to remove zinc,
cadmium, copper, nickel and lead by sunflower plant. Environ Eng Manag J 7(5):547–558
Jan S, Parray JA (2016) Approaches to heavy metal tolerance in plants. Springer, Singapore, pp
1–18
Jarup L (2003) Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br Med Bull 68(1):167–182
Jisha CK, Bauddh K, Shukla SK (2017) Phytoremediation and bioenergy production efficiency of
medicinal and aromatic plants. In: Phytoremediation potential of bioenergy plants. Springer,
Singapore, pp 287–304
Jordao CP, Fialho LL, Neves JCL, Cecon PR, Mendonça ES, Fontes RLF (2007) Reduction of
heavy metal contents in liquid effluents by vermicomposts and the use of the metal-enriched
vermicomposts in lettuce cultivation. Bioresour Technol 98(15):2800–2813
Ju W, Liu L, Fang L, Cui Y, Duan C, Wu H (2019) Impact of co-inoculation with plant-growthpromoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on the biochemical responses of alfalfa-soil system in
copper contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 167:218–226
Jusselme MD, Poly F, Miambi E, Mora P, Blouin M, Pando A, Rouland-Lefèvre C (2012) Effect of
earthworms on plant Lantana camara Pb-uptake and on bacterial communities in root-adhering
soil. Sci Total Environ 416:200–207
Kaur P, Bali S, Sharma A, Vig AP, Bhardwaj R (2017) Effect of earthworms on growth,
photosynthetic efficiency and metal uptake in Brassica juncea L. plants grown in cadmiumpolluted soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(15):13452–13465
Kaur P, Bali S, Sharma A, Vig AP, Bhardwaj R (2018) Role of earthworms in phytoremediation of
cadmium (Cd) by modulating the antioxidative potential of Brassica juncea L. Appl Soil Ecol
124:306–316
Kaya C, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P (2020) Responses of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide
in regulating oxidative defence system in wheat plants grown under cadmium stress. Physiol
Plant 168:345–360
14 PGPR and Earthworm-Assisted Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
241