44
Keywords Jet formation · Droplet size distribution · Live oil · Median drop size ·
Flow regime · Turbulent kinetic energy · Turbulence · Droplet breakup · Near-field
· In situ measurements · Dissolved gas · Outgassing · Phase change · Dispersants
Nomenclature
Latin
A
Empirical coefficient in the modified Weber number scaling
B
Empirical coefficient in the modified Weber number scaling
CDF
Cumulative distribution function
D
Nozzle/discharge diameter
d 32
Sauter diameter
d n50
Median diameter of number distribution
d p
Drop/particle diameter
d v50
Median diameter of volume distribution
DOR
Dispersant-to-oil ratio
DSD
Drop size distribution
erf(x)
Gauss error function
exp(x) Exponential function
IFT
Interfacial tension
k i
Scaling factor
M
Oil mass inside the nozzle
Oh
Ohnesorge number
p
Pressure
Δp
Pressure drop at the nozzle
Q
Volume flow rate
Re
Reynolds number
u l
Exit velocity of dispersed liquid phase
Vi
Viscosity number
We
Weber number
We*
Modified Weber number
Greek
α
Spreading factor of the Rosin-Rammler distribution function
ε
Turbulent energy dissipation rate
ε u Turbulent energy dissipation rate caused by the exit velocity
ε pd Turbulent energy dissipation rate caused by pressure drop at the nozzle
η l Dynamic viscosity of dispersed liquid phase
ρ l Density of dispersed liquid phase
ρ c Density of continuous phase
σ
Spreading factor of the log-normal distribution function
σ l Interfacial tension (IFT) between dispersed liquid phase and continuous phase
K. Malone et al.