354
hydrocarbons from the sea surface and water column to the seafloor—but also
identified extensive impacts across multiple biological resources and habitats. The
impacts were widespread, though severity decreased with increasing distance from
the wellhead, and were increasingly patchy, likely due to variability in the fate and
transport of toxic spill-related compounds. Several of the specific documented injuries to biological resources are detailed in the chapters that follow. Nevertheless,
significant gaps remain in our understanding of the effects of deep-sea oil spills.
These gaps stem primarily from logistical and technical, but also funding, constraints on our ability to conduct basic scientific research in the deep sea.
References
Boland G, Brewer G, Cordes E, Demopoulos A, Fisher C, German C, Sulak K (2010) Mississippi
Canyon 252 Incident NRDA Tier 1 for deepwater communities: work plan and SOPs. June 27.
Retrieved from https://www.fws.gov/doiddata/dwh-ar-documents/800/DWH-AR0016996.pdf
Brooks GR, Larson RA, Schwing PT, Romero I, Moore C, Reichart G-J, Jilbert T, Chanton
JP, Hastings DW, Overholt WA, Marks KP, Kostka JE, Holmes C, Hollander D (2015)
Sedimentation pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH blowout. PLoS One
10(7):24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341
Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees (2016) Deepwater Horizon
oil spill: final programmatic damage assessment and restoration plan and final programmatic
environmental impact statement. Retrieved from http://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/
restoration-planning/gulf-plan
Federal Register (2017) Executive Order 13795 of April 28, 2017 Implementing an America-First
Offshore Energy Strategy 82(84):20815–20818 May 3
Gittings SR, Bright TJ, Schroeder WW, Sager WW, Laswell SJ, Rezak R (1992) Invertebrate
assemblages and ecological controls on topographic features in the Northeast Gulf of Mexico.
Bull Mar Sci 50:435–455
Love M, Baldera A, Yeung C, Robbins C (2013) The Gulf of Mexico ecosystem: a coastal and
marine atlas. Ocean Conservancy, Gulf Restoration Center, New Orleans
Passow U (2014) Formation of rapidly-sinking, oil-associated marine snow. Deep-Sea Res II Top
Stud Oceanogr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.001
Passow U, Ziervogel K, Asper V, Diercks A (2012) Marine snow formation in the aftermath of
the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ Res Lett 7(035301). Retrieved
from http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/7/i=3/a=035301
Serata B (2010) Are Red Crabs the Latest Victims of the Gulf Oil Disaster? National Wildlife
Federation Blog. December 14. Retrieved from http://blog.nwf.org/2010/12/are-red-crabsthe-latest-victims-of-the-gulf-oil-disaster/
Stout SA, Passow U (2015) Character and sedimentation rate of “lingering” Macondo oil in
the deep-sea up to one year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. DWH Natural Resource
Exposure NRDA Technical Working Group Report. Seattle, WA. Retrieved from https://www.
fws.gov/doiddata/dwh-ar-documents/946/DWH-AR0038895.pdf
Stout SA, Rouhani S, Liu B, Oehrig J, Ricker RW, Baker G, Lewis C (2017) Assessing the footprint and volume of oil deposited in deep-sea sediments following the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Mar Pollut Bull 114(1):327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.046
C. G. Lewis and R. W. Ricker
hydrocarbons from the sea surface and water column to the seafloor—but also
identified extensive impacts across multiple biological resources and habitats. The
impacts were widespread, though severity decreased with increasing distance from
the wellhead, and were increasingly patchy, likely due to variability in the fate and
transport of toxic spill-related compounds. Several of the specific documented injuries to biological resources are detailed in the chapters that follow. Nevertheless,
significant gaps remain in our understanding of the effects of deep-sea oil spills.
These gaps stem primarily from logistical and technical, but also funding, constraints on our ability to conduct basic scientific research in the deep sea.
References
Boland G, Brewer G, Cordes E, Demopoulos A, Fisher C, German C, Sulak K (2010) Mississippi
Canyon 252 Incident NRDA Tier 1 for deepwater communities: work plan and SOPs. June 27.
Retrieved from https://www.fws.gov/doiddata/dwh-ar-documents/800/DWH-AR0016996.pdf
Brooks GR, Larson RA, Schwing PT, Romero I, Moore C, Reichart G-J, Jilbert T, Chanton
JP, Hastings DW, Overholt WA, Marks KP, Kostka JE, Holmes C, Hollander D (2015)
Sedimentation pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH blowout. PLoS One
10(7):24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341
Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment Trustees (2016) Deepwater Horizon
oil spill: final programmatic damage assessment and restoration plan and final programmatic
environmental impact statement. Retrieved from http://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/
restoration-planning/gulf-plan
Federal Register (2017) Executive Order 13795 of April 28, 2017 Implementing an America-First
Offshore Energy Strategy 82(84):20815–20818 May 3
Gittings SR, Bright TJ, Schroeder WW, Sager WW, Laswell SJ, Rezak R (1992) Invertebrate
assemblages and ecological controls on topographic features in the Northeast Gulf of Mexico.
Bull Mar Sci 50:435–455
Love M, Baldera A, Yeung C, Robbins C (2013) The Gulf of Mexico ecosystem: a coastal and
marine atlas. Ocean Conservancy, Gulf Restoration Center, New Orleans
Passow U (2014) Formation of rapidly-sinking, oil-associated marine snow. Deep-Sea Res II Top
Stud Oceanogr. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.10.001
Passow U, Ziervogel K, Asper V, Diercks A (2012) Marine snow formation in the aftermath of
the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Environ Res Lett 7(035301). Retrieved
from http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/7/i=3/a=035301
Serata B (2010) Are Red Crabs the Latest Victims of the Gulf Oil Disaster? National Wildlife
Federation Blog. December 14. Retrieved from http://blog.nwf.org/2010/12/are-red-crabsthe-latest-victims-of-the-gulf-oil-disaster/
Stout SA, Passow U (2015) Character and sedimentation rate of “lingering” Macondo oil in
the deep-sea up to one year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. DWH Natural Resource
Exposure NRDA Technical Working Group Report. Seattle, WA. Retrieved from https://www.
fws.gov/doiddata/dwh-ar-documents/946/DWH-AR0038895.pdf
Stout SA, Rouhani S, Liu B, Oehrig J, Ricker RW, Baker G, Lewis C (2017) Assessing the footprint and volume of oil deposited in deep-sea sediments following the Deepwater Horizon oil
spill. Mar Pollut Bull 114(1):327–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.046
C. G. Lewis and R. W. Ricker