4
1 Introduction
facilities are relatively backward, which seriously influences the quality of ecological
and living environment of villages and towns. China should develop the mode with
Chinese characteristics for resourceful utilization of organic wastes, break through
restriction of diversity and versatility of sources, and different natural conditions of
organic wastes and address ecological and health risks associated with the reuse of
toxic pollutants in wastes. These are not only the needs for continuous improvement of environmental quality, but also objective demands for protecting drinking
water safety, reducing discharge of major pollutants in rural areas and improving
the quality and safety guarantee of agricultural products. Differentiated resourceful
utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns mainly aims at organic wastes
generated from the decentralized breeding industry, living source, tourism industry
and farmers’ markets in villages and towns. Based on this, research and development
as well as optimization and upgrading of key technologies and equipment, such as
energy, fertilization, forage, and materialization are carried out, so as to realize the
unification of resource technologies and equipment.
(1) Research on key technologies and practical equipment for differentiated
resourceful utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns is an objective
requirement for solving environmental problems caused by the pollution of rural
organic wastes and improving social development and people’s livelihood.
Organic wastes in villages and towns in China have four pollution characteristics, i.e. large quantity, poor quality, low price and many hazards. Hundreds
of millions of wastes are produced every year. Owing to the content of beneficial components and grade of available objects are low, while the content of
harmful components is high, it costs high for disposing agricultural wastes. At
present, the utilization rate of organic wastes in villages and towns in China has
not been improved obviously. Straw burning and randomly discard or discharge
of livestock manures caused by intensive cultivation result in that environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. This turns the original resources
into pollution sources, which greatly influences ecological environment. In view
of organic wastes from decentralized breeding industry, living source, tourism
industry and farmers’ markets in villages and towns, it is extremely urgent to
carry out researches on key technologies for differentiated resourceful utilization
of organic wastes in villages and towns and industrialization promotion.
(2) Carrying out research on key technologies and practical equipment for differentiated resourceful utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns to solve
rural energy shortage and protect ecological environment driven by technology
and equipment innovation.
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in villages and towns
in China, pollution is also becoming serious. In particular, the development of
agricultural production and the changes of rural living and production habits
make various organic wastes in villages and towns become the important rural
pollution sources. In the meanwhile, as long as the resources are recovered
by using reasonable methods, this can relief energy pressures in villages and
towns in China, save natural resources, protect ecological environment and
unify ecological, economic and social benefits. At present, China has done a
1 Introduction
facilities are relatively backward, which seriously influences the quality of ecological
and living environment of villages and towns. China should develop the mode with
Chinese characteristics for resourceful utilization of organic wastes, break through
restriction of diversity and versatility of sources, and different natural conditions of
organic wastes and address ecological and health risks associated with the reuse of
toxic pollutants in wastes. These are not only the needs for continuous improvement of environmental quality, but also objective demands for protecting drinking
water safety, reducing discharge of major pollutants in rural areas and improving
the quality and safety guarantee of agricultural products. Differentiated resourceful
utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns mainly aims at organic wastes
generated from the decentralized breeding industry, living source, tourism industry
and farmers’ markets in villages and towns. Based on this, research and development
as well as optimization and upgrading of key technologies and equipment, such as
energy, fertilization, forage, and materialization are carried out, so as to realize the
unification of resource technologies and equipment.
(1) Research on key technologies and practical equipment for differentiated
resourceful utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns is an objective
requirement for solving environmental problems caused by the pollution of rural
organic wastes and improving social development and people’s livelihood.
Organic wastes in villages and towns in China have four pollution characteristics, i.e. large quantity, poor quality, low price and many hazards. Hundreds
of millions of wastes are produced every year. Owing to the content of beneficial components and grade of available objects are low, while the content of
harmful components is high, it costs high for disposing agricultural wastes. At
present, the utilization rate of organic wastes in villages and towns in China has
not been improved obviously. Straw burning and randomly discard or discharge
of livestock manures caused by intensive cultivation result in that environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. This turns the original resources
into pollution sources, which greatly influences ecological environment. In view
of organic wastes from decentralized breeding industry, living source, tourism
industry and farmers’ markets in villages and towns, it is extremely urgent to
carry out researches on key technologies for differentiated resourceful utilization
of organic wastes in villages and towns and industrialization promotion.
(2) Carrying out research on key technologies and practical equipment for differentiated resourceful utilization of organic wastes in villages and towns to solve
rural energy shortage and protect ecological environment driven by technology
and equipment innovation.
With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in villages and towns
in China, pollution is also becoming serious. In particular, the development of
agricultural production and the changes of rural living and production habits
make various organic wastes in villages and towns become the important rural
pollution sources. In the meanwhile, as long as the resources are recovered
by using reasonable methods, this can relief energy pressures in villages and
towns in China, save natural resources, protect ecological environment and
unify ecological, economic and social benefits. At present, China has done a