xviii
List of Tables
Trends in Lake or Stream Chemistry over Time in Response
to Inputs of Atmospheric Deposition
52
Table 2.7 Key Issues to Consider in Conducting Modeling Using the
MAGIC Model to Estimate Critical Load or to Calculate
Changes in Lake/Stream Chemistry in Response to Future
Emissions Controls
52
Table 2.8 Ancillary Measurements That May Help in Interpretation of
Lake or Stream Water Chemistry Data
70
Table 2.9 List of Suggested Minimum Database Requirements for
the Surface Water Chemistry Monitoring Record, Chain of
Custody, and Site Summary
74
Table 2.10 Key Issues to Consider after Completing Field Sampling
74
Table 3.1 Summary of a Typical Bottle-Rinsing Protocol for LowNutrient, Low-Ionic Strength Samples
84
Table 3.2 Example Laboratory Aliquot Schedule for a Particular
Project
87
Table 3.3 Recommended Laboratory Holding Times
88
Table 3.4 Example Low-Volume Sample Schedule
90
Table 4.1 Recommended DQOs for Detection Limits, Precision,
Accuracy, Reporting Limit, and Completeness
99
Table 4.2 Recommended Laboratory Quality Control Samples
106
Table 4.3 Field Quality Control Samples
114
Table 4.4 QA/QC Protocol Key Elements
119
Table 5.1 Example Approaches for Data Analysis Tied to the Purpose
and General Approach of the Field Study
123
Table 5.2 Factors for Converting Milligram-per-Liter (mg/L) Units or
pH Units to Microequivalent-per-Liter (μeq/L) Units
127
Table 5.3 Data Validation Quality Control Procedures
129
Table 5.4 Critical Q Values for Dixon’s Outlier Q Test at the 0.95
Confidence Level
140
Table 5.5 Example Variables for Creating Water Quality Data
Subsets, According to Measured Water Chemistry, Prior to
Analysis
147