Table of contents
General introduction ……….……………………...…………………………………………………1
Chapter 1 : Generalities
1.1. Generalities on microalgae.........................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................4
1.1.2. Classification of microalgae ................................................................................................5
1.1.2.1. Classification criteria ....................................................................................................5
1.1.2.2. Different groups of microalgae .....................................................................................7
1.1.3. Reproduction of microalgae ................................................................................................7
1.1.4. Biochemical composition of microalgae ..............................................................................8
1.1.5. Mechanism of photosynthesis in microalgae.......................................................................8
1.1.6. Microalgal growth dynamics ...............................................................................................9
1.1.7. Microalgae culture systems ............................................................................................... 10
1.1.7.1. Open systems: raceway ............................................................................................... 11
1.1.7.2. Closed systems: Photobioreactors .............................................................................. 11
1.1.8. Biomass harvesting ............................................................................................................ 12
1.1.9. Microalgae applications .................................................................................................... 13
1.1.9.1. Food applications ........................................................................................................ 16
1.1.9.2. Pharmaceuticals .......................................................................................................... 16
1.1.9.3. Cosmetics .................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.9.4. Energy sector .............................................................................................................. 17
1.2. Generalities on Wastewater treatment processes .................................................................... 18
1.2.1. Waste water ....................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.1.1. Definition of wastewater ............................................................................................. 18
1.2.1.2 Wastewater composition .............................................................................................. 18
1.2.1.3 Wastewater origin ........................................................................................................ 19
1.2.1.4 .Main characteristics of wastewater ............................................................................ 20
1.2.1.5. Discharge standards ................................................................................................... 21
1.2.2. Wastewater treatment ....................................................................................................... 22
1.2.2.1 .Wastewater treatment processes ................................................................................ 22
1.2.2.1.1.Pre-treatment……………………………………………………………………22
1.2.2.1.2.Primary treatment (Physico-chemical treatments)……………………………..22
1.2.2.1.3.Secondary treatment (Biological treatments)……………………………………23
1.2.2.1.3.1.Anarobic treatment ……………………………………………………..23
1.2.2.1.3.2.Aerobic treatment ………………………………………………………….24
General introduction ……….……………………...…………………………………………………1
Chapter 1 : Generalities
1.1. Generalities on microalgae.........................................................................................................4
1.1.1. Definition .............................................................................................................................4
1.1.2. Classification of microalgae ................................................................................................5
1.1.2.1. Classification criteria ....................................................................................................5
1.1.2.2. Different groups of microalgae .....................................................................................7
1.1.3. Reproduction of microalgae ................................................................................................7
1.1.4. Biochemical composition of microalgae ..............................................................................8
1.1.5. Mechanism of photosynthesis in microalgae.......................................................................8
1.1.6. Microalgal growth dynamics ...............................................................................................9
1.1.7. Microalgae culture systems ............................................................................................... 10
1.1.7.1. Open systems: raceway ............................................................................................... 11
1.1.7.2. Closed systems: Photobioreactors .............................................................................. 11
1.1.8. Biomass harvesting ............................................................................................................ 12
1.1.9. Microalgae applications .................................................................................................... 13
1.1.9.1. Food applications ........................................................................................................ 16
1.1.9.2. Pharmaceuticals .......................................................................................................... 16
1.1.9.3. Cosmetics .................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.9.4. Energy sector .............................................................................................................. 17
1.2. Generalities on Wastewater treatment processes .................................................................... 18
1.2.1. Waste water ....................................................................................................................... 18
1.2.1.1. Definition of wastewater ............................................................................................. 18
1.2.1.2 Wastewater composition .............................................................................................. 18
1.2.1.3 Wastewater origin ........................................................................................................ 19
1.2.1.4 .Main characteristics of wastewater ............................................................................ 20
1.2.1.5. Discharge standards ................................................................................................... 21
1.2.2. Wastewater treatment ....................................................................................................... 22
1.2.2.1 .Wastewater treatment processes ................................................................................ 22
1.2.2.1.1.Pre-treatment……………………………………………………………………22
1.2.2.1.2.Primary treatment (Physico-chemical treatments)……………………………..22
1.2.2.1.3.Secondary treatment (Biological treatments)……………………………………23
1.2.2.1.3.1.Anarobic treatment ……………………………………………………..23
1.2.2.1.3.2.Aerobic treatment ………………………………………………………….24