CHAPTER I
Concepts of ICZM & Coastal Vulnerability
5
the distribution of power in addition to interacting with physical and ecological systems.
(Adger, 2006).
Vulnerability, by contrast, is usually portrayed in negative terms as the susceptibility to be
harmed. The central idea of the often-cited IPCC definition (McCarthy et al., 2001).
The schema of the IPCC (figure 1) combines exposure, hazards and vulnerability. The white
text indicates the terms used to describe a specific determinant of risk (i.e., hazard, exposure,
and vulnerability). The black text indicates the terms used to describe complex risk. The red
text highlights the terms that have been used to describe both the risk itself and a determinant
of risk, such as "compound risk" and "compound hazard"(Simpson & al., 2021).
Figure 1: IPCC Risk Framework (Simpson et al., 2021).
I.2.1. The Mediterranean vulnerability
The Mediterranean region is characterized by a narrow coastal area that experiences significant
population density and the presence of valuable assets. This region undergoes rapid changes in
demographics, society, economy, and environment. From 1960 to 2010, the Mediterranean
population has doubled from 240 million to 480 million, with a 20% increase in urban