44
Chéraga), with lower densities than the average (4873 inhabitant/km²). The density per km²
increases while moving towards the central municipalities (Bab El Oued, Casbah, Sidi M'hamed,
Bachdjarah, Algiers centre, Belouizdad) mainly because of their surface which does not reach 2%
of the territory of the wilaya. The city of Algiers has undergone numerous urbanistic mutations
engendered by the different periods of pre-colonization, conquest urbanization, construction of
Greater Algiers, illicit occupation of the land after colonization, installation of shanty towns
(slums), spontaneous and highly centralized development (Monographie/Alger, 2016; Hadjiedj
In Hadjiedj et al., 2003). The development of activity in the wilaya of Algiers at the beginning of
the industrial era (1976), requiring more functional space beyond the center, led to the creation
and implementation of development plans (POG
2
and its committee COMEDOR
3
). Producing a
set of new urban housing zones (ZHUN) installed towards the east of the wilaya, as well as
governmental (Cité gouvernementale in Bordj El-Kiffan), economic (Cité des affaires
économiques in Mohammadia) and poly-centers (Du Chazaud, 2020; Hammache, 2003). Other
instruments have followed with the aim of decongesting the center of the city of Algiers and
creating activity zones. The PDAU
4
was developed and based on the guidelines of other tools,
such as the SDAAM
5
aiming to transform Algiers into the first metropolis of Africa and the
PACMA
6
, which is a program that guides the implementation of the national environmental
strategy established by the law 02-02
7
(PDAU/Alger, 2009). However, these urban planning
instruments deployed with the aim of providing planning orientations and the use of space in
Algiers still struggle to manage and overcome all the constraints of Algiers, a wilaya that does not
meet the needs of a constantly growing population, and where residential areas and activity
zones are in conflict with other land use such as roads and transport networks (Baouni, 2011).
2.6.4. Urban fabric
The economic development of the wilaya of Algiers is declined by its spatial organization in
economic infrastructures and complementary equipments. The urban fabric of Algiers’ wilaya
consist of:
2.6.4.1. Dwellings and individual houses
The housing occupation rate (TOL) reached 4.97% for a total of 672 311 housing units, comprising
different dwelling programs, (participatory, rent-to-own, social renting). Resulting from the old
urban plans, East and center municipalities of the wilaya of Algiers have the highest number of
housing units, exceeding 15 thousand units per commune. The real estate stock was reinforced
by more than 40 million units from 1999 to 2018, of which 30% were built in rural areas. Indeed,
these achievements have enabled the rehousing of more than 2500 precarious sites (Slums,
bungalows, informal settlements, basements and outdoor terraces). The real estate stock of
2
POG General Orientation Plan
3
COMEDOR Permanent Committee for the study, development, organization and planning of Algiers
4
Master Plan for Urban Development and Planning
5
Master Plan for the Development of the Algiers Metropolitan Area
6
Coastal Development Program for the Algerian Coastal Zone
7
Law 02-02 of 5 February 2002 on the protection and development of the coastline
Chéraga), with lower densities than the average (4873 inhabitant/km²). The density per km²
increases while moving towards the central municipalities (Bab El Oued, Casbah, Sidi M'hamed,
Bachdjarah, Algiers centre, Belouizdad) mainly because of their surface which does not reach 2%
of the territory of the wilaya. The city of Algiers has undergone numerous urbanistic mutations
engendered by the different periods of pre-colonization, conquest urbanization, construction of
Greater Algiers, illicit occupation of the land after colonization, installation of shanty towns
(slums), spontaneous and highly centralized development (Monographie/Alger, 2016; Hadjiedj
In Hadjiedj et al., 2003). The development of activity in the wilaya of Algiers at the beginning of
the industrial era (1976), requiring more functional space beyond the center, led to the creation
and implementation of development plans (POG
2
and its committee COMEDOR
3
). Producing a
set of new urban housing zones (ZHUN) installed towards the east of the wilaya, as well as
governmental (Cité gouvernementale in Bordj El-Kiffan), economic (Cité des affaires
économiques in Mohammadia) and poly-centers (Du Chazaud, 2020; Hammache, 2003). Other
instruments have followed with the aim of decongesting the center of the city of Algiers and
creating activity zones. The PDAU
4
was developed and based on the guidelines of other tools,
such as the SDAAM
5
aiming to transform Algiers into the first metropolis of Africa and the
PACMA
6
, which is a program that guides the implementation of the national environmental
strategy established by the law 02-02
7
(PDAU/Alger, 2009). However, these urban planning
instruments deployed with the aim of providing planning orientations and the use of space in
Algiers still struggle to manage and overcome all the constraints of Algiers, a wilaya that does not
meet the needs of a constantly growing population, and where residential areas and activity
zones are in conflict with other land use such as roads and transport networks (Baouni, 2011).
2.6.4. Urban fabric
The economic development of the wilaya of Algiers is declined by its spatial organization in
economic infrastructures and complementary equipments. The urban fabric of Algiers’ wilaya
consist of:
2.6.4.1. Dwellings and individual houses
The housing occupation rate (TOL) reached 4.97% for a total of 672 311 housing units, comprising
different dwelling programs, (participatory, rent-to-own, social renting). Resulting from the old
urban plans, East and center municipalities of the wilaya of Algiers have the highest number of
housing units, exceeding 15 thousand units per commune. The real estate stock was reinforced
by more than 40 million units from 1999 to 2018, of which 30% were built in rural areas. Indeed,
these achievements have enabled the rehousing of more than 2500 precarious sites (Slums,
bungalows, informal settlements, basements and outdoor terraces). The real estate stock of
2
POG General Orientation Plan
3
COMEDOR Permanent Committee for the study, development, organization and planning of Algiers
4
Master Plan for Urban Development and Planning
5
Master Plan for the Development of the Algiers Metropolitan Area
6
Coastal Development Program for the Algerian Coastal Zone
7
Law 02-02 of 5 February 2002 on the protection and development of the coastline