Bearing in mind the widespread use of these substances around the world, one can
expect that the exposure of human population is common and may pose a potential
health risk. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a scientific tool that allows to assess the
extent of exposure based on the measurement of a given chemical or its metabolites
in human body fluids or tissues.
The need to estimate the level of exposure in different populations has led to the
development of a methodology based on the measurement of urinary metabolites,
as synthetic pyrethroids are rapidly metabolized in humans and excreted mainly in
the urine. Human biomonitoring is used commonly in epidemiological studies and
provides valuable information on the aggregate exposure.
Numerous analytical methods have been developed for the determination of
metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in human urine capable of detecting both
environmental and occupational exposure.
Here, in this chapter, we summarized recent achievements in the analysis of
metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in human urine, with both separation and
non-separation methods and methods of sample preparation and some aspects of
instrumental analysis.
Keywords Analytical methods, Biomarkers of exposure, Human biomonitoring,
Synthetic pyrethroids
1 Human Biomonitoring
HBM is a scientific tool allowing to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental
xenobiotics. This assessment is possible based on the results of measurements of the
concentrations of substance in biological samples taken from human (e.g., blood,
saliva, urine, etc.). HBM is currently recognized as the gold standard in assessing
human exposure to chemicals. One of the basic advantages of HBM is that it allows
exposure assessment taking into account all exposure sources (e.g., air, water, food,
personal care products, etc.) and all exposure routes (e.g., dermal, respiratory, oral).
HBM studies conducted on large populations allow to identify particularly vulnerable populations and to assess time trends.
The current state of knowledge does not allow however direct assessment of the
health risk resulting from the presence of a chemical in a biological fluid in a
specified concentration. However, the results of HBM studies can be a source of
valuable data on exposure to a specific chemical in epidemiological studies. To
properly conduct exposure assessment with the use of HBM, it is necessary to know
the biotransformation pathways of a given substance in humans, its toxicokinetics,
and it is necessary to develop analytical methods that allow measuring very low
concentrations of substances or their metabolites in very complex biological
matrices.
48
B. Wielgomas et al.
expect that the exposure of human population is common and may pose a potential
health risk. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a scientific tool that allows to assess the
extent of exposure based on the measurement of a given chemical or its metabolites
in human body fluids or tissues.
The need to estimate the level of exposure in different populations has led to the
development of a methodology based on the measurement of urinary metabolites,
as synthetic pyrethroids are rapidly metabolized in humans and excreted mainly in
the urine. Human biomonitoring is used commonly in epidemiological studies and
provides valuable information on the aggregate exposure.
Numerous analytical methods have been developed for the determination of
metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in human urine capable of detecting both
environmental and occupational exposure.
Here, in this chapter, we summarized recent achievements in the analysis of
metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids in human urine, with both separation and
non-separation methods and methods of sample preparation and some aspects of
instrumental analysis.
Keywords Analytical methods, Biomarkers of exposure, Human biomonitoring,
Synthetic pyrethroids
1 Human Biomonitoring
HBM is a scientific tool allowing to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental
xenobiotics. This assessment is possible based on the results of measurements of the
concentrations of substance in biological samples taken from human (e.g., blood,
saliva, urine, etc.). HBM is currently recognized as the gold standard in assessing
human exposure to chemicals. One of the basic advantages of HBM is that it allows
exposure assessment taking into account all exposure sources (e.g., air, water, food,
personal care products, etc.) and all exposure routes (e.g., dermal, respiratory, oral).
HBM studies conducted on large populations allow to identify particularly vulnerable populations and to assess time trends.
The current state of knowledge does not allow however direct assessment of the
health risk resulting from the presence of a chemical in a biological fluid in a
specified concentration. However, the results of HBM studies can be a source of
valuable data on exposure to a specific chemical in epidemiological studies. To
properly conduct exposure assessment with the use of HBM, it is necessary to know
the biotransformation pathways of a given substance in humans, its toxicokinetics,
and it is necessary to develop analytical methods that allow measuring very low
concentrations of substances or their metabolites in very complex biological
matrices.
48
B. Wielgomas et al.