Table 2
Recent analytical techniques used for pyrethroid determinations in environmental and food matrices
Analytes
Matrix
Sample
preparation
Instrumental
analysis
MLODs
Recovery (%)
Ref.
BIFE, CYHA, PERM, CYFL,
CYPE, ESFENV
River water
LLE
GC-ECD
1–3 ng L
À1
75–115
[15]
CYHA, DELT, CYPE, FENV Aqueous samples
LLE
GC-ECD
Not reported
94–105
[16]
TETR, ALLE, CYPE, PRAL,
TRAN, IMIP
River water
Ultrasound
LLME
HPLC-UV-Vis
0.1–0.3
μg L
À1
86–109
[17]
FENP, CYHA, PERM, CYFL,
CYPE, FENV, PERM
Tap water, well
water, and river
water
LLME-SFO
GC-ECD
2.0–50 ng L
À1
79–114
[18]
CYPE, FENV, DELT
Water
SPE
GC-μECD
5.0
 10
À4
to
1.5
 10
À2
ng L
À1
70–103
[19]
FENP, CYHA, DELT, FENV,
PERM, FLUV, BIFE
Groundwater and
marine water
SPE
LC-ESI-MS
0.3–0.7 ng L
À1
for
groundwater sample
0.7–1.5 ng L
À1
for
marine water
samples
80–115
[20]
FENP, CYHA, DELT, FENV,
PERM, FLUV, BIFE
Groundwater
SPME
LC-PIF-FD
3–9 ng L
À1
92–109
[21]
BIFE, FENP, CYHA, PERM,
CYFL, CYPE, ESFENV,
DELT
Sediment pore
water
SPME
GC-ECD
1–7 ng L
À1
56–119
[22]
TRANSFU ALLETR,
TETRA, CYHA, CYPHE,
PERM, CYFL, CYPE, DELT
Tap water, groundwater, river water,
runoff, and
wastewater
SPME
GC-μECD
0.05–2.18 ng L
À1
81–125
[23]
FENP, CYHA, PERM, CYPE
FENV, DELT
Water
SPME
GC-ECD
0.12–0.43 ng mL
À1
83–112
[24]
(continued)
Analytical Methods for Determining Pyrethroid Insecticides in Environmental and. . .
25