Conclusions and Future Trends
E. Eljarrat
Contents
1 Pyrethroid Insecticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
2 Analytical Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
3 Environmental Fate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
4 Bioaccumulation in Wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
5 Human Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Abstract This chapter summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the
11 different chapters of this book, as well as the future trends in the field of
research on pyrethroid insecticides. The chapter is divided into five sections.
First of all, we discuss the different pyrethroid insecticides produced and used
regularly, their various applications, and their physicochemical properties, with
special attention to their stereochemistry, evaluating the different isomers
and enantiomers for each pyrethroid. After that, we present the developments in
analytical methodologies for pyrethroid determinations in environmental and food
matrices, as well as the analysis of urinary metabolites. Then, the environmental
fate in aquatic ecosystems, with special attention to salmon industry, was presented,
as well as pyrethroid presence in other environmental compartments such as soil
or air. Bioavailabilty and bioaccumulation in terrestrial and aquatic wildlife are also
discussed. And finally, the human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides through
inhalation and food ingestion and the risk associated to the long-term exposure are
summarized.
Keywords Analytical approaches, Bioaccumulation, Food intake, Human
exposure, Indoor and outdoor inhalation, Pyrethroid metabolites, Risk assessment
E. Eljarrat (*)
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
e-mail: eeeqam@cid.csic.es
Ethel Eljarrat (ed.), Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 92: 305–314, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_478,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 19 March 2020
305
E. Eljarrat
Contents
1 Pyrethroid Insecticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
2 Analytical Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
3 Environmental Fate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
4 Bioaccumulation in Wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
5 Human Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Abstract This chapter summarizes the main conclusions drawn from the
11 different chapters of this book, as well as the future trends in the field of
research on pyrethroid insecticides. The chapter is divided into five sections.
First of all, we discuss the different pyrethroid insecticides produced and used
regularly, their various applications, and their physicochemical properties, with
special attention to their stereochemistry, evaluating the different isomers
and enantiomers for each pyrethroid. After that, we present the developments in
analytical methodologies for pyrethroid determinations in environmental and food
matrices, as well as the analysis of urinary metabolites. Then, the environmental
fate in aquatic ecosystems, with special attention to salmon industry, was presented,
as well as pyrethroid presence in other environmental compartments such as soil
or air. Bioavailabilty and bioaccumulation in terrestrial and aquatic wildlife are also
discussed. And finally, the human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides through
inhalation and food ingestion and the risk associated to the long-term exposure are
summarized.
Keywords Analytical approaches, Bioaccumulation, Food intake, Human
exposure, Indoor and outdoor inhalation, Pyrethroid metabolites, Risk assessment
E. Eljarrat (*)
Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
e-mail: eeeqam@cid.csic.es
Ethel Eljarrat (ed.), Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 92: 305–314, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_478,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 19 March 2020
305